Chemical disinfectants are classified into three levels according to their potency

Chemical disinfectants are divided into high-efficiency disinfectants, medium-effect disinfectants, and low-efficiency disinfectants according to their effectiveness.

1. High-efficiency disinfectant: refers to the preparation that can kill all bacterial propagules (including mycobacteria), viruses, fungi and their spores, and have a certain killing effect on bacterial spores (pathogenic spores) to meet the requirements of advanced disinfection.

2. Medium-effect disinfectant: refers to the preparation that can kill microorganisms such as mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, and bacteria and meet the disinfection requirements.

3. Inefficient disinfectant: refers to the preparation that can kill bacterial reproduction and lipophilic virus and meet the disinfection requirements.

Note: Do not mix detergent and disinfectant, and use bathroom washing, toilet cleaning, and kitchen cleaning products separately.

According to the bactericidal ability of chemical disinfectants to microorganisms, disinfectants can be divided into three categories: high efficiency, medium effect, and low efficiency. A highly effective disinfectant is a disinfectant that can kill all microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, bacterial spores, and viruses. For example, chlorine dioxide, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, etc., such disinfectants are also known as sterilants.

Medium disinfectants are disinfectants that do not kill bacterial spores, but can kill bacterial propagules, fungi, and most viruses. For example, ethanol, chlorine preparations, coal phenol soap solutions, etc. Inefficient disinfectants are disinfectants that can kill most bacterial propagules, some fungi and viruses, but not bacterial spores, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and some fungi and viruses.

According to the level of action, disinfectants can be divided into sterilizers, disinfectants, medium-potent disinfectants and low-efficiency disinfectants. Sterilant refers to the preparation that can kill all microorganisms to meet the sterilization requirements, such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, etc.

Disinfectant refers to the preparation that can kill all bacterial propagules, viruses, fungi and their spores, etc., and also has a certain killing effect on bacterial spores and meets the requirements of high-level disinfection, such as chlorine-containing disinfectants, ozone, methylhydantoin urea compounds, double-chain quaternary ammonium salts, etc.

Medium-effect disinfectants refer to preparations that can only kill microorganisms such as mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and bacterial propagules and meet the disinfection requirements, such as iodine-containing disinfectants, alcohol-based disinfectants, phenolic disinfectants, etc.

Inefficient disinfectants refer to bucket preparations that can only kill bacterial propagules and lipophilic viruses and meet the requirements of disinfectants, such as quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants such as benzaoxammonium, second-class disinfectants such as sail oxidine oak, metal ion disinfectants such as silver, copper and Chinese herbal medicine disinfectants.

The standards that the disinfectants and detergents used in food production and operation should meet are safe and harmless to the human body. In the production and operation of food, the water used shall meet the sanitary standards for drinking water in the noisy zone stipulated by the state; Non-toxic, clean packaging materials, utensils, drinking utensils and containers should be used for food for direct consumption.

Article 33 of the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China (7) Non-toxic and clean packaging materials, tableware, drinking utensils and containers shall be used for food directly consumed; (8) Food production and trading personnel shall maintain personal hygiene, and when producing and selling food, they shall wash their hands and wear clean work clothes and hats; When selling unpackaged food for direct consumption, non-toxic and clean containers, vending tools and equipment shall be used; (9) The water shall comply with the sanitary standards for drinking water prescribed by the State; (10) The detergents and disinfectants used shall be safe and harmless to the human body; (11) Other requirements provided for by laws and regulations.

Commonly used high-efficiency chemical disinfectants.

Medical Education Network 2013-04-13

Tuba. Commonly used high-efficiency chemical disinfectants are:

1) Peracetic acid: solution for hand disinfection, soaked for 2min; The solution is used for tableware disinfection, soaked for 30 60min; 1% 2% solution for indoor air disinfection; The l% solution is used for disinfection of the thermometer and soaked for 30minPeracetic acid is corrosive to metals and cannot be soaked in metal-like items.

It should be prepared and placed in a cool place to prevent high temperature from causing **.

2) Glutaraldehyde: 2% glutaraldehyde is often used to soak metal instruments and endoscopes, etc., the disinfection time needs to be 30 60min, and the sterilization time needs to be 10h for the limbs. It should be used on the spot.

3) Formaldehyde: 40% formaldehyde fumigation disinfects the air and some items; 4% l0% formaldehyde is used for soaking instruments and endoscopy. The penetration of formaldehyde vapor is weak, and the disinfected items must be hung or shaken apart.

Fumigation and disinfection requires a room temperature of more than 18 and a relative humidity of 70% and 90%.

4) Chlorine-containing disinfectants: commonly used chloramine T, bleaching powder, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (euchlorin). Bleach solution or chloramine solution is used to disinfect tableware, toilets, etc., soaked in bleaching powder, solution or chloramine solution is used to spray or wipe the ground, walls and surfaces.

Dry powder is used to disinfect excreta. After the bleaching powder is stirred with a 1:5 amount of feces, it is placed for 2h, and the urine is added to lg of bleaching powder per l00ml, and placed for lh.

The disinfectant should be collected and sorted out by the medical education network, and stored in a closed container in a dry, cool and ventilated place. Due to its fading and corrosive effect, it is not suitable for disinfection of metal products, colored clothes and painted furniture.

5) Iodine tincture: 2% iodine tincture is used for **disinfection and general**infection, 20s after rubbing, and then deiodized with 75% ethanol. Iodine tincture cannot be used for mucosal disinfection.

**Not for allergies. Iodine has a corrosive effect on metals and cannot be soaked in metal instruments. It needs to be covered and stored after use.

The answer is that peracetic acid is a highly effective chemical disinfectant.

Trouble: It is a highly effective chemical disinfectant.

a Alcohol burning.

b Peracetic acid.

c Iodophor. d Chlorhexidine.

e Quaternary pitocarp salts. Answer: B

Medium-potency chemical disinfectants are: medium-effect disinfectants refer to disinfectants that can kill microorganisms such as mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and bacterial propagules.

Disinfectant is a drug used to kill pathogenic microorganisms on the transmission vector, which destroys the pathogenic microorganisms outside the human body, cuts off the transmission route of infectious diseases, and achieves the purpose of controlling infectious diseases. According to the level of action, disinfectants can be divided into sterilizers, high-efficiency disinfectants, medium-effect disinfectants, and low-efficiency disinfectants.

Basic introduction: high-efficiency disinfectants can kill all bacterial propagules (including mycobacteria), viruses, fungi and their spores, etc., and also have a certain killing effect on bacterial spores, meeting high-level disinfection requirements, including chlorine-containing disinfectants, ozone, methylhydantoin ureas, double-chain quaternary ammonium salts, etc. Medium-effect disinfectants can only kill microorganisms such as mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and bacterial propagules to meet disinfection requirements, including iodine-containing disinfectants, alcohol-based disinfectants, phenolic disinfectants, etc.

Chlorine-containing disinfectants:

It refers to a disinfectant that is dissolved in water to produce hypochlorous acid with microbial killing activity, and its microbial killing effect is often expressed as effective chlorine. Hypochlorous acid has a small molecular weight, which easily diffuses to the surface of bacteria and penetrates the cell membrane into the bacteria, causing the oxidation of bacterial proteins and causing the death of bacteria. Chlorine-based disinfectants kill a variety of microorganisms, including bacterial propagules, viruses, fungi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the most resistant bacterial spores.

Such disinfectants include inorganic chlorine compounds (e.g., sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, trisodium chloride phosphate), organochlorine compounds (e.g., sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, tammonium chloride, etc.). Inorganic chlorine is unstable in nature and is susceptible to light, heat and humidity to lose its active components, while organochlorine is relatively stable, but it is unstable after being dissolved in water.

1. Chlorine-containing disinfectants: commonly used are bleaching powder and sanhe.

2. Sodium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, etc., new ones include 84, Venus, Wanfu Jin'an, etc.

2. Peroxide disinfectants: commonly used peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, ozone, potassium permanganate, etc.

3. Aldehyde disinfectants: formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, etc. are commonly used.

4. Heterocyclic gas disinfectants: commonly used are, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.

5. Alcohol disinfectants: commonly used are ethanol, isopropanol, etc.

6. Phenolic disinfectants: commonly used are phenol, coalphenol soap, etc.

7 quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants: commonly used are Xinjieerfene, dumiphenol, disinfection net, etc.

8 Other commonly used preparations include chlorhexidine, iodine preparations, etc.

(1) High-efficiency disinfectant.

It can kill all kinds of bacterial propagules, viruses, fungi and their spores, etc., and also has a certain killing effect on bacterial spores, and meets the requirements of high-level disinfection, including chlorine-containing disinfectants, ozone, methylhydantoin ureas, double-stranded quaternary ammonium salts, etc. Among them, high-efficiency disinfectants that can make articles meet the sterilization requirements are also called sterilizers, including formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, etc.

2) Medium-potency disinfectant.

It can kill bacterial propagules, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and other microorganisms to meet disinfection requirements, including iodine-containing disinfectants, alcohol-based disinfectants, phenolic disinfectants, etc.

3) Inefficient disinfectants.

It can only kill some bacterial propagules, fungi and enveloped viruses, and cannot kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacterial spores and strong fungi and viruses, and meet the requirements of disinfectants, including quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants such as benzalkonium bromide, biguanide disinfectants such as chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine), metal ion disinfectants such as mercury, silver, copper and Chinese herbal medicine disinfectants.