What are the knowledge points of geography in the first and second years of high school? Where is th

The high school geography exam must test knowledge points: the influence of solar activity on the earth, the rotation of the earth, the revolution of the earth, etc.

1. The impact of solar activity on the earth.

Signs of solar activity: sunspots, flares, 11-year cycle. Impact:

emitting electromagnetic waves affecting the ionosphere and interfering with radio shortwave communications; emitting high-energy charged particles, producing "magnetic storms" and "auroras"; Affect the earth's climate, disasters, floods and droughts, and induce **.

2. The geographical significance of the Earth's rotation.

Alternation of day and night: the dividing line between the day and night hemispheres, the morning and dusk lines, and the intersection with the equator are at 6 o'clock and 18 o'clock respectively, the solar altitude is 0 degrees, and the plane where the morning and dusk circles are located is perpendicular to the sun's rays; Local time difference: morning in the east and evening in the west, longitude varies by 1 hour every 15 degrees.

Geostrophic deflection force: no deviation on the equator, right deviation in the northern hemisphere, left deviation in the southern hemisphere.

3. The geographical significance of the rotation of the earth.

Changes in the length of day and night: In the summer half of the Northern Hemisphere, the sun shines directly on the Northern Hemisphere, and the days and nights are short at each latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, and the higher the latitude, the longer the days and the shorter the nights. On the summer solstice, the day length at all latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere reaches its maximum of the year, and the polar day phenomenon occurs in the Arctic Circle and the areas north of it.

From the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox, from the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice, the days are getting shorter and the nights are getting longer in the Northern Hemisphere. In the winter half of the northern hemisphere, the sun shines directly on the southern hemisphere, and the nights are longer and the days are shorter at all latitudes in the northern hemisphere.

On the winter solstice, day lengths at all latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere reach their lowest values of the year, and polar nights occur in the Arctic Circle and areas north of it. On the day of the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, the sun shines directly on the equator, and the length of day and night is equal to 12 hours each around the world. The equator equinoxes day and night throughout the year.

The situation in the southern hemisphere is the opposite of that in the northern hemisphere.

The geography knowledge points of the second year of high school are as follows:

1. The shape of the water system (centripetal is the basin, low in the middle and high around the periphery, radial is the mountain, high in the middle and low around the periphery).

2. Erosion of glaciers: fjords (U-shaped valleys, cirques, horn peaks) and the Great Lakes in Norway, many lakes in Europe (lakes in Finland, the land of a thousand lakes).

3. Anticline valley formation: The top of the anticline is affected by tension, and the rock layer is easy to be eroded.

4. The change law of longitude: from the prime meridian (0° meridian) to the west and east to 180°.

5. The surface area of the earth is 100 million square kilometers, the maximum circumference is 40,000 kilometers, the equatorial radius is 6,378 kilometers, the polar radius is 6,357 kilometers, and the average radius is 6,371 kilometers.

1. The shape and size of the earthThe Earth is a sphere.

For the first time, a fleet led by the Portuguese navigator Magellan made it possible for a man to circumnavigate the globe.

2. Weft and warpParallel: A circle perpendicular to the Earth's axis and orbiting the Earth.

The parallels are unequal, and the equator is the largest coil of latitude.

Longitude: A semicircle that connects the north and south poles and intersects perpendicular to the parallels.

The warp threads are of equal length.

3. Latitude and longitude.

The law of latitude changes: from the equator (0° parallel) to the north and south poles. The maximum latitude is 90 degrees, at the South Pole, the North Pole.

The latitude north of the equator is called north latitude and is denoted by "n"; The latitude south of the equator is called southern latitude and is denoted by an "s".

4. The movement of the earth.

A natural phenomenon that occurs when the earth moves in what direction it turns.

The seasons in the Northern Hemisphere are reversed from those in the Southern Hemisphere (spring-autumn; Summer-winter).

5. Maps.

The three elements of a map: scale, direction, and legend.

Scale type: line segment scale, digital scale.