The chronological division of computer development represents what hardware and software are

The history of the development of computers includes four generations: tube digital machine, transistor digital machine, integrated circuit digital machine, and large-scale integrated circuit machine

1. The first generation: tube digital machine (1946-1958).

In terms of hardware, the logic element uses a vacuum tube, and the main memory uses a mercury delay line, a cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, a magnetic drum, and a magnetic core; The external memory is tape. In terms of software, machine language and assembly language are used. The fields of application are mainly military and scientific computing.

The disadvantages are large size, high power consumption, and poor reliability. Slow (typically thousands to tens of thousands of operations per second), expensive, but laid the foundation for future computer development.

2. The second generation: transistor digital machine (1958-1964).

In terms of software, the application fields of operating systems, high-level languages and their compilers are mainly scientific computing and transaction processing, and they have begun to enter the field of industrial control. It is characterized by smaller size, reduced energy consumption, improved reliability, increased computing speed (generally 100,000 times per second, up to 3 million times), and a significant improvement in performance compared to the first generation computer.

3. The third generation: integrated circuit digital machine (1964-1970).

In terms of hardware, the logic components are medium- and small-scale integrated circuits (MSI, SSI), and the main memory is still using magnetic cores. On the software side, time-sharing operating systems and structured, scaled programming methods have emerged. It is characterized by faster speed (generally millions to tens of millions of times per second), and the reliability has been significantly improved, ** further decreased, and the product has moved towards generalization, serialization and standardization.

The application field began to enter the field of word processing and graphic image processing.

4. The 4th generation: large-scale integrated circuit machine (1970 to present).

In terms of hardware, the logic components are large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits (LSI and VLSI). In terms of software, database management systems, network management systems, and object-oriented languages have emerged. In 1971, the world's first microprocessor was born in Silicon Valley, ushering in a new era of microcomputers.

The application field has gradually moved from scientific computing, transaction management, and process control to the home.

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The main basis for classifying the computer age is the physical devices used in computers. The development of electronic computers is divided into four stages, known as the four generations. The logic element of the first generation of tube digitizers used vacuum tubes.

The second generation is a transistor digital machine that uses transistors. The logic components of the third-generation integrated circuit digital machine use medium- and small-scale integrated circuits. The 4th generation LSI machine, the logic components are LLSI and VLSI integrated circuits.

Demo model: Huawei MateBook X System version: Win10 The main basis for dividing the computer era is the physical components used in computers.

The development of electronic computers is divided into four stages, known as the four generations. The logic element of the first generation of tube digitizers used vacuum tubes. The second generation is a transistor digital machine that uses transistors.

The logic components of the third-generation integrated circuit digital machine use medium- and small-scale integrated circuits. The 4th generation LSI machine, the logic components are LLSI and VLSI integrated circuits.

A computer system consists of two main parts: hardware and software.

1) Hardware composition (input device, output device, memory, combinator, controller), input device: equipment that enables the computer to obtain information from the outside such as a mouse, keyboard, light pen, scanner, microphone, digital camera, camera, handwriting tablet, output device: the result of computer processing information in a form that can be recognized by people to represent the device such as monitor, printer, plotter, speaker, projector, memory:

Such as hard disks, optical drives, USB flash drives, combinators: arithmetic operations, logical operations, controllers: such as taking instructions from memory, controlling the coordinated operation of various parts of the computer, controller and combinator integrated in the CPU.

2) Composition of the software:

Software-defined: A collective term for programs and related documentation, software classification: system software (software that uses and manages computers) and application software (designed for.

The common system software includes: operating system, database management system and programming language, and the common application software includes: auxiliary teaching software, auxiliary design software, word processing software, information management software and automatic control software.

How to divide the hardware and software of the computerHello dear, the difference between computer software and hardwareThe computer system is composed of two parts: the hardware system and the software system. Computer hardware system refers to the electronic and mechanical parts of a computer, which is a specific device composed of electronic circuits, various electronic components and mechanical parts. A computer software system is a collection of programs, data, and corresponding documents running in a computer system.

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