Why does the Sahara Desert region of Africa have no monsoon climate near the sea?

The main reason is that the northeastern part of the African continent is bordered by the Red Sea.

The area of the Red Sea is small and elongated. Therefore, it is impossible to form a center of low pressure over the Red Sea. Northeast Africa is affected by offshore winds from the Arabian Peninsula, and the northeast has an arid climate, forming a tropical desert climate. Monsoon climate cannot be formed.

Air pressure: The Sahara Desert is located in an area controlled by the subtropical high pressure zone, which is characterized by a prevalent downdraft and is characterized by dryness and little rainfall. Permanent High Center: North Atlantic Subtropical High. Seasonal High Pressure Center: A strong cold high over land in North Africa in winter.

The formation of the subtropical high and its influence on the climate: under the long-term irradiation of the sun, the equator is heated the most, and the air near the equator rises by heating, forming an equatorial low pressure zone near the ground and high pressure at high altitude, and the high pressure at high altitude moves to the north and south in the direction of the high altitude low pressure, and sinks near 30 degrees north and south latitude, forming a subtropical high pressure zone near the ground. At this time, a pressure difference occurs between the equatorial low pressure zone and the subtropical high pressure zone, and the air flow flows from the "subtropical high" to the "red low".

Under the influence of geostrophic deflection force, when the air in the subtropical high in the Northern Hemisphere moves southward, the air movement is biased to the right of the pressure gradient force, forming a northeast wind, that is, the northeast trade wind. Because the source of the northeast trade winds is an area under the control of the subtropical high, and because the Sahara region is close to the dry zone of West Asia, the incoming northeast winds are also dry, although some water vapor is also obtained when passing through the Red Sea, but because the Red Sea is narrow and the air flow is short, the water vapor obtained is limited, and the temperature rises and the humidity decreases after landing, so it is difficult to form precipitation.

Wind: Hamadan wind - the source is the hot and dry center of the Sahara Desert, due to the difference in the thermal properties of land and sea, every year in the northern hemisphere winter, in the Sahara Desert region of North Africa, forming a high-pressure area. At this time, an area of low pressure formed from the northern shore of the Gulf of Guinea.

The Sahara Desert is one of the driest regions in the world, resulting in the formation of a dry tropical continental air mass (North African tropical continental air mass). As a result, the dry and hot tropical continental airflow flows from the high pressure area to the low pressure area under the action of the horizontal pressure gradient force, and this air flow is called the Hamadan wind.

The subtropical region of the Sahara Desert in Africa, near the sea, does not have a monsoon climate due to the subtropical high pressure.

North Africa is located on both sides of the Tropic of Capricorn, which is controlled by the subtropical high pressure zone all year round, and the dry and hot downdraft prevails, and the African continent is narrow in the south and wide in the north, and the range controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt is large, and the dry and hot area is wide. The straight coastline of North Africa, with the Ethiopian plateau to the east, acts as a barrier to the moist air currents, leaving large inland areas unaffected by the sea.

The Sahara Desert is affected by the subtropical high pressure zone, which is dry and rainy all year round.

Because the Sahara Desert in Africa is under the control of the subtropical high all year round, the air pressure is higher than the pressure above the ocean, and the water vapor in the ocean cannot be blown away.

There are two reasons for deserts, 1) they are controlled by the subtropical high all year round, and 2 they are affected by the surrounding cold snaps and sea winds, such as the Canarian cold snap and the Somali offshore wind.

Most of sub-Saharan Africa has a savannah climate. This climate is characterized by high temperatures all year round, with distinct dry and warm seasons.

The savannah climate, also known as tropical dry and wet season climate, Savannah climate, savannah climate, and tropical sparse forest steppe climate, is roughly distributed between 10° north and south latitude and the Tropic of Capricorn, and is typical of central Africa, most of South America and Brazil, and the northern and eastern parts of the Australian continent. The distribution area of this type is in the alternate control area of the equatorial low pressure belt and the trade wind belt. The temperature is high throughout the year, the average annual temperature is about 25 °C, and the temperature is high throughout the year, and it is divided into dry season and wet season.

When the equatorial low pressure zone is controlled, the equatorial air mass prevails and precipitation is concentrated. During the period when the trade wind belt is controlled, it is controlled by tropical continental air masses, and there is drought and little rainfall. Annual precipitation is generally 700-1000 mm, with a significantly longer dry season. The natural landscape is a savanna.

The savannah climate is mainly distributed on the north and south sides of the tropical rainforest, generally between 10 degrees and 23 degrees 26 minutes north and south latitudes. High temperature all year round, long summer without winter, and clear dry and wet seasons are its outstanding features. It has high temperatures throughout the year, and in some places it is even hotter than in the rainforest areas.

However, the rainfall is concentrated in 4-6 months of the year, which becomes the rainy season (controlled by the equatorial depression); Another 4-5 months almost no rain falls, becoming the dry season (trade wind belt control). Therefore, the natural landscape is very different from the tropical rainforest. There are not many species of wood here, the distribution is sparse, and the grass grows very high, which is often called savanna.

The savanna is an ideal habitat for herbivores and carnivores, so it becomes the kingdom of animals. There are many species and numbers of animals, and there are many famous natural zoos. The seasonal change of scenery here is noticeable:

When the dry (dry) season comes, the trees lose their leaves and wither and turn yellow everywhere; When the wet (rainy) season arrives, it is full of verdant greenery and lush greenery.

Most of them belong to the tropical monsoon climate, with high temperatures throughout the year, and are divided into dry and wet seasons.

Climate types and causes of Africa's climate from north to south:

1. Mediterranean climate. Located on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. The reason for the formation is that it is affected by the westerly wind belt all year round, and the summer is hot and rainy, and the winter is warm and rainy.

There is also a small area of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa that has a Mediterranean climate, but this is not the reason for this. It's just that the temperature and precipitation patterns are similar to those of the Mediterranean climate, so they are included. ）

2. Tropical desert climate. The perennial control of the subtropical high has led to the formation of a tropical desert climate in most parts of North Africa. The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.

3. Tropical rainforest climate. The Congo Basin, located at the equator, is the main distribution area of Africa's tropical rainforest climate. The reason for the formation is that it is located at the equator and is hot all year round, and the updraft prevails, so it is hot and rainy, and the vegetation grows luxuriantly.

4 savannah climate. The savannah climate is most widespread in Africa. It is alternately controlled by the tropical equatorial low pressure zone and the trade wind zone.

When the equatorial low pressure zone is controlled, the equatorial air mass prevails, and the rainfall is concentrated. When the trade wind belt is controlled, tropical continental air masses prevail, and it is hot and dry. The characteristics of the wet and dry seasons are obvious. This is also the fundamental reason why we often watch TV and say that the animals of the African savannah migrate to and fro.

5. Alpine climate. It is found in the regions of the East African plateau. The main reason for the formation is the influence of the terrain. The vegetation here is typical of the vertical zonality of mountains. It has high research and scientific research value.

Perennial cold snap affects high temperature and little rain.

Between 15 degrees north latitude and 35 degrees south latitude, east of 15 degrees west longitude and 50 degrees east longitude.

Sea and land location: Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the west and Indian Ocean to the east.

Topography, climate types and distribution: the overall northwest is low and the southeast is high, the tropical savannah climate is from 15 degrees north latitude to 5 degrees north latitude (the terrain is gentle Sudan grassland), and the eastern part (the high terrain is the Ethiopian plateau) is the plateau climate; From 5 degrees north latitude to 5 degrees south latitude, the western part (the Congo Basin) is mainly a tropical rainforest climate, and the eastern part (the East African plateau) is a savannah climate; The area south of 5 degrees south latitude (mainly the South African highlands, with the Drakensia Mountains in the southeast), a tropical desert climate in the southwest, and a Mediterranean climate in the southernmost corner.

Why is most of Africa a tropical desert?

Because there are 4 5 between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, most of them are tropical, and the north-south symmetrical distribution, because the land near the Tropic of Cancer has the largest east-west width, and is controlled by the subtropical high all year round, which is buried under the air flow, the temperature rises, and the precipitation is less and the tropical desert climate range is the largest. So most of the area belongs to tropical deserts.

Sub-Saharan Africa has a climate dominated by savannahs and tropical rainforests, with precipitation above 1,000 mm in most areas.

The climatic distribution of sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by symmetrical distribution in the northern and southern hemispheres, with the equator as the center. The natural landscape is different under different mountain climates: tropical rainforests, savannahs, and tropical desert landscapes.

In sub-Saharan Africa, there are large areas of savannah, and there are many wild animals living there. Wild animals can only migrate to the edge of the rainforest during the dry season to survive in areas with abundant water and grass during the dry season, and then migrate back during the wet season.