What are the important items on the balance sheet

Important items in the balance sheet include assets, liabilities, and owners' equity.

The owner's equity in the balance sheet is the residual equity after deducting liabilities from the assets of the enterprise, reflecting the total amount of net assets owned by shareholders (investors) of the enterprise on a specific date, and is generally listed according to paid-in capital, capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profits.

Resources that were formed by past transactions or events and are owned or controlled by the business at a given date and are expected to bring economic benefits to the business.

1. Assets: balance sheet.

Assets reflect resources that are expected to bring economic benefits to the business as a result of past transactions, events, and owned or controlled by the business at a given date.

Current assets are cash or cash equivalents that are expected to be realized, ** or expended during an ordinary business cycle, or are held primarily for trading purposes, or are expected to be realized within one year or more from the balance sheet date, or have an unrestricted ability to exchange other assets or satisfy liabilities within one year from the balance sheet date.

Non-current assets are assets other than current assets. The non-current assets listed in the balance sheet usually include: long-term equity investments.

Fixed assets, projects under construction, engineering materials, disposal of fixed assets, intangible assets.

Development expenditures, long-term amortized expenses.

and other non-current assets, etc.

2. Liabilities: The liabilities in the balance sheet reflect the current obligations assumed by the enterprise on a specific date that are expected to lead to the outflow of economic benefits from the enterprise. Liabilities should be presented in the balance sheet according to current and non-current liabilities, and further itemized by nature under the categories of current and non-current liabilities.

Current liabilities are liabilities that are expected to be liquidated during a normal business cycle, or are held primarily for trading purposes, or are due to be liquidated within one year (including one year) from the balance sheet date, or are not voluntarily deferred until more than one year after the balance sheet date. The current liabilities listed in the balance sheet usually include: short-term borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, advance receipts, and employee compensation payable.

Taxes payable, interest payable, dividends payable, other payables.

non-current liabilities due within one year, etc.

Non-current liabilities are liabilities other than current liabilities. Non-current liabilities typically include long-term borrowings, bonds payable and other non-current liabilities.

3. Owner's equity.

The owner's equity in the balance sheet is the residual equity of the company's assets after deducting liabilities, reflecting the net assets owned by the shareholders (investors) of the enterprise at a specific date.

It is generally based on paid-in capital and capital reserve.

Surplus reserve and undistributed profit are itemized.

For general enterprises, inventory includes raw materials, semi-finished products, production costs, inventory goods, commissioned processing materials, low-value consumables, material procurement (or materials in transit) and other accounts.

Construction materials are not inventories, but should be included in the construction in progress.

1.Asset. According to the liquidity of assets, it is divided into two categories: current assets and non-current assets: current assets are composed of monetary funds and trading financial assets.

Accounts receivable, prepaid accounts, other receivables, inventories and expenses to be pushed. Non-current assets are held-to-maturity investments, financial assets, and long-term equity investments.

Fixed assets, intangible assets and long-term expenses are composed.

2.Liability. According to the liquidity of liabilities, it is divided into two categories: current liabilities and non-current liabilities: current liabilities are short-term borrowings, accounts payable, accounts receivable, employee remuneration payable, taxes payable, dividends payable, and other payables.

Withholding expenses and other items. The non-current liabilities category consists of long-term borrowings and bonds payable.

3.Owner's Equity.

According to the difference of the owner's equity, by the paid-up capital.

Capital. Extended Materials.

1.Balance sheet.

Also known as the Statement of Financial Position.

The main accounting statement that represents the financial position (i.e., the status of assets, liabilities and owners' equity) of a business at a certain date (usually at the end of each accounting period). The balance sheet uses the principle of accounting balance to divide the trading accounts such as assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity that comply with accounting principles into two major blocks: "assets" and "liabilities and shareholders' equity". In addition to the internal error removal, business direction, and prevention of malpractice, its report function can also allow all readers to understand the business status of the enterprise in the shortest time.

2.According to the balance formula of "assets = liabilities + owners' equity", according to a certain classification standard and a certain order, the specific items of assets, liabilities and owners' equity on a specific date are appropriately arranged and compiled. It indicates the sources of economic concessions owned or controlled by the enterprise at a given date, the existing obligations assumed and the owner's net assets.

The right to request. It is a static statement that reveals the financial health of a business at a certain point in time.

3.The balance sheet uses the principle of accounting balance to divide the trading accounts of assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity that comply with accounting principles into two major blocks: "assets" and "liabilities and shareholders' equity". In addition to the internal error removal, business direction, and prevention of malpractice, its report function can also allow all readers to understand the business status of the enterprise in the shortest time.

The items on the balance sheet are as follows: assets are divided into two categories: current assets and non-current assets according to the liquidity of assets: current assets are composed of monetary funds, trading financial assets, accounts receivable, prepaid accounts, other receivables, inventories and expenses to be amortized.

The non-current asset class consists of held-to-maturity investments, available-for-life financial assets, long-term equity investments, fixed assets, intangible assets and long-term amortized expenses. Liabilities are divided into two categories: current liabilities and non-current liabilities according to the liquidity of liabilities: current liabilities are composed of short-term loans, accounts payable, accounts receivable, employee remuneration payable, taxes payable, dividends payable, other payables, withholding expenses and other items. The non-current liabilities category consists of long-term borrowings and bonds payable. Owners' equity is composed of different items such as capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profits.

The balance sheet (thebalancesheet), also known as the statement of financial position, represents the financial position of the enterprise at a certain date (usually at the end of each accounting period) (that is, the status of assets, liabilities and owners' equity) of the main accounting statement, the balance sheet uses the principle of accounting balance to divide the assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity transactions that comply with accounting principles into two major blocks: "assets" and "liabilities and shareholders' equity". Based on the static enterprise situation on a specific date, it is condensed into a report, which not only removes errors within the enterprise, operates the direction, and prevents malpractices, but also allows all readers to understand the business status of the enterprise in the shortest time.

Non-current assets are assets other than current assets. The non-current assets listed in the balance sheet usually include: long-term equity investment, fixed assets, construction in progress, construction materials, disposal of fixed assets, intangible assets, development expenditures, long-term amortized expenses and other non-current assets.

The balance sheet items are assets, liabilities, and owners' equity.

1. Assets: Current assets include: monetary funds, transactional financial assets, notes receivable and accounts receivable, prepayments, other receivables, inventories, contract assets, assets held for sale and non-current assets due within one year.

2. Liabilities: Current liabilities include: short-term borrowings, transactional financial liabilities, notes payable and accounts payable, advance receipts, contract liabilities, employee remuneration payable, taxes payable, other payables, liabilities held for sale, non-current liabilities due within one year, etc.

3. Owners' equity: paid-in capital (or share capital), other equity instruments, capital reserve, surplus reserve, other comprehensive income and undistributed profits.

Balance sheet preparation methodology

1. Fill in directly according to the balance of the general ledger account. Most of the items in the balance sheet are entered directly from the balances of the relevant general ledger accounts.

2. Fill in the calculation according to the balance of the general ledger account. For example, the item of "Monetary Funds" is calculated and filled in according to the total closing balance of the accounts of "Cash on Hand", "Bank Deposits" and "Other Monetary Funds".

3. Fill in the calculation according to the balance of the detailed account. For example, the item of "accounts receivable" should be calculated and filled in according to the debit balance of the relevant detailed accounts at the end of the period to which the two accounts of "accounts receivable" and "accounts receivable" belong after deducting the provision for impairment.

It is mainly to look at the changes in the balance of each major account on the balance sheet and the changes in the cumulative number of occurrences in the income statement to conduct year-on-year and month-on-month analysis, and finally judge the business situation: remember that the more extreme each account is, the better. For example, if the accounts receivable in the balance sheet increase more than the previous period, it must be determined whether the income growth is larger?

What is the ratio of new accounts receivable in the current period to accounts receivable in previous periods? Is it due to an increase in the proportion of credit sales? Is customer payment affected by payment?

Extended information: 1. Asset-liability ratio.

1. The asset-liability ratio, also known as the debt-to-business ratio, is used to measure the ability of an enterprise to use creditors to provide funds for business activities, as well as an indicator that reflects the safety of creditors in issuing loans.

2. The asset-liability ratio is the percentage of the total liabilities divided by the total assets at the end of the period, that is, the ratio between the total liabilities and the total assets. The debt-to-asset ratio reflects the extent to which the total assets are financed through borrowing, and can also measure the extent to which a company protects the interests of creditors in liquidation. The debt-to-asset ratio is an indicator that reflects the ratio of capital provided by creditors to total capital, also known as the debt-to-operating ratio.

Debt-to-asset ratio = total liabilities Total assets.

3. Indicates how much of the company's total assets are raised through liabilities, which is a comprehensive index to evaluate the company's debt level. At the same time, it is also an indicator to measure the company's ability to use creditors' funds to carry out business activities, and also reflects the degree of security of creditors in issuing loans. If the debt-to-asset ratio reaches 100% or more, it means that the company has no net assets or is insolvent.

2. Criteria for judging the asset-liability ratio.

1. Judge whether the asset-liability ratio is reasonable.

To determine whether the debt-to-asset ratio is reasonable, you must first look at whose position you stand on. The debt-to-asset ratio is an indicator that reflects the ratio of liabilities provided by creditors to total capital, also known as the debt-to-operating ratio.

2. The position of creditors.

Their primary concern is the safety of the money they lend to the business, that is, whether they can recover the principal and interest on time. If the capital provided by the shareholders is only a small proportion of the total capital of the enterprise, the risk of the enterprise will be borne mainly by the creditors, which is detrimental to the creditors. Therefore, they hope that the lower the debt ratio, the better, and the enterprise will repay the debt***, so that there will not be much risk in lending to the enterprise.

3. From the perspective of shareholders.

Since the funds raised by the enterprise through debt play the same role in the operation as the funds provided by the shareholders, the shareholders are concerned about whether the rate of return on total capital exceeds the interest rate on the borrowed money, that is, the cost of the borrowed capital.

The balance sheet items are assets, liabilities, and owners' equity.

1. Assets. 1. Current assets.

Current assets are assets that are expected to be realized,** or consumed by the company during a normal business cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of a transaction; or assets that are expected to be realized within 1 year (including 1 year) from the balance sheet date; or other assets exchanged within one year from the balance sheet date; or cash or cash equivalents with unrestricted capacity for recurrent liabilities.

2. Fixed assets.

It mainly refers to the non-monetary assets of the products produced by the company and enterprises in the process of production and operation, providing labor services, leasing or assets held for the operation and management of the enterprise, the assets have been used for more than 12 months, and the asset value has reached a certain standard.

3. Intangible assets.

It mainly refers to the non-monetary assets owned or controlled by the enterprise and have no physical form and can be identified.

Liabilities in the balance sheet reflect the present obligations of the enterprise that are expected to result in the outflow of economic benefits from the enterprise at a given date.

2. Liabilities. The rollover of liabilities in the balance sheet reflects the present obligations of the enterprise at a given date that are expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits from the enterprise.

Liabilities should be presented in the balance sheet according to current and non-current liabilities, and further itemized by nature under the categories of current liabilities and non-current liabilities.

Current liabilities usually include: short-term borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, advance receipts, employee remuneration payable, taxes payable, interest payable, dividends payable, other payables, etc.

Non-current liabilities reflect liabilities other than current liabilities, usually including long-term borrowings, bonds payable and other non-current liabilities.

3. Owners' equity.

The owner's equity in the balance sheet reflects the residual equity after deducting liabilities from the assets of the enterprise; It reflects the total amount of assets owned by shareholders and investors on a given date of the enterprise.