What are the principles and methods of integrated pest management in farmland?

The principle is the definition of integrated pest management. The method is to use comprehensive pest control such as cultivation management, chemical control, and biocontrol measures to make the degree of pests and diseases less than the threshold that the farmland can bear.

Prevention first, prevention and treatment combined.

There are many methods of biological control, such as: the use of natural enemies or biological agents. This method is the most widely used.

Each pest has a variety of natural enemies, which can effectively inhibit the proliferation of pests. This inhibition is an important part of ecosystem feedback mechanisms. Using this ecological phenomenon, it is possible to establish a balanced relationship between new biological populations.

Use crop resistance to pests and diseases. That is, to promote resistant crop varieties and rational variety layout to control pests and diseases. For example, the promotion of potato varieties resistant to potato late blight, wheat varieties resistant to wheat straw flies, etc.

The main methods are biological pesticides, natural enemies, and biological avoidance, and the methods are as follows:

1. Insecticidal components are extracted from plants, such as the leaves of tree species such as ginkgo, neem, and loofah can kill insects.

2. Stocking natural enemies to control insects, such as ladybugs can feed on aphids.

3. Plant crops that plants don't like, drive away pests, and avoid pests if you plant green onions in the garden.

4. Choose insect-resistant varieties.

This one is more microbial, and there are eight kinds of things that are summarized in my article, and some of the virus treatments are also summarized. Good stuff is too hard to find.

Biological control is the use of organisms or their metabolites to control or reduce the degree of harm caused by harmful animals and plants.

Agricultural prevention and control should grasp the key links in agricultural production, start from the technical aspect, create conditions that are conducive to the growth of vegetables and are not conducive to the occurrence and harm of diseases and pests, and avoid the occurrence of diseases and pests or reduce the harm of diseases and pests.

Choose disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties. The selection of resistant and disease-resistant varieties can reduce the harm of pests and diseases, reduce the amount of chemical pesticides, and be simple and easy. Crop rotation.

Adjusting the planting stubble and implementing crop rotation can prevent the occurrence of a variety of soil-borne diseases. According to the parasitism of leek maggot, the inverted ear stubble rotation can be carried out, and the non-leek, onion and garlic vegetables that can not be parasitized by leek maggot can be rotated for more than 3 years. Adjust the sowing date.

Adjust the sowing date of vegetables to avoid the peak period of disease and insect pests and reduce the harm of diseases and pests.

The difference can be seen from the name: chemical control drugs, biological control organisms.

1. Chemical control Methods for controlling harmful biological hazards using various chemical substances and their processed products. Chemical control, also known as pesticide control, is the use of chemical toxicity to control pests and diseases.

2. Biological control is a method of using a biological creature to deal with a variety of organisms outside the other limb. Biological control can be roughly divided into three categories: insect control, bird insect control and fungus insect control.

3. Mechanical control (physical and mechanical control) refers to the use of physical factors or mechanical action to interfere with the growth, development, and reproduction of pests and diseases to prevent and control plant diseases and pests. Physical factors include light, electricity, sound, temperature, radiation, laser, infrared radiation, etc.; Mechanical functions include manual beating, the use of simple instruments and devices, and the application of modern machinery and equipment.

There are three types of biological control: insect control, bird insect control, and fungus insect control, and this control method mainly uses one kind of organism to eliminate another organism. Microorganisms can be used for control, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and antibiotics that can secrete antibiotics.

The use of parasitic natural enemies for control, parasitic wasps and parasitic flies are more common. The use of predatory natural enemies, such as the use of rodents, can use snakes, owls, etc. The biggest advantage of biological control is that it does not pollute the environment, so it is incomparable with non-biological pest control methods such as pesticides, and there are many biological treatment methods.

This paper summarizes the effects of plant quarantine, agricultural control, biological control, physical and mechanical control and chemical control on pest control. What are the pros and cons of each of these methods?

1) The phytosanitary method, this method, is to prevent the spread of dangerous pests and diseases of fruit trees (such as apple scab, apple small gidingworm, apple cotton aphid, grape root wart aphid, etc.) in the process of scion and seedling exchangeThe prescribed inspection and disinfection measures are not of a legal nature. The Plant Quarantine Law mainly includes the cultivation of pest-free seedlings, the elimination or blockade of dangerous pests and diseases in the local occurrence areas of Kaiwunian, and the implementation of seedling origin inspection and disinfection.

2) Agricultural control method, this method is to find out the relevant causes of the occurrence and development of diseases and insects from the complex relationship between pests and diseases, host guns and environmental conditions, and to achieve the purpose of inhibiting and eliminating the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases in view of the weak links in the life history of pests and diseases. The agricultural control method usually includes the selection and breeding of resistant and trapped varieties, deep land leveling, crop rotation, reasonable fertilization and irrigation, field cleaning, and reasonable plastic pruning. (3) Biological control method:

This method is a pest control measure that uses Keyi Biotech to eliminate pests. Biological control of pests, often used beneficial organisms, including predatory insects, parasitic insects,Microorganisms and birds, beasts, etc.

The biological control of the disease window is mainly the use of antibiotics and antibiotics. (4) Physical and mechanical control method: This method is based on the shape, size, habit, and physiological characteristics of the host plant, pest, or pathogen, and uses physical and mechanical actions such as sunlight, humidification, wind, and specific gravity to achieve the purpose of disease and insect control.

Commonly used methods include seed selection, temperature treatment, trapping, isolation protection, and manual control. (.5) Chemical control method, this method, is the use of chemical agents.

to eradicate and prevent pests and diseases. The cloth method is simple and easy, the application range is wide, the prevention and control effect is good, and the prevention and control purpose can be achieved in a short time. Similarly, there are also problems such as acute poisoning of humans and animals, environmental pollution, and residual properties.

Agricultural prevention and control refers to the comprehensive use of agricultural science and technology measures to purposefully create a farmland sock yard environment that is conducive to the growth and development of crops but not conducive to the occurrence of pests, and directly or indirectly eliminate or inhibit the occurrence and harm of pests.

Advantages do not require additional investment, generally can be combined with farming, cultivation management and other agricultural operation measures, such as Kai, can achieve economical, safe and effective purposes, is the basis of other control methods; It has a significant preventive effect and has an accumulation effect.

Cons: Subject to regional and seasonal restrictions; Sometimes the effect of the acorn is not obvious; When pests occur in large numbers, other control measures must also be relied upon.

(1) Use of disease-free propagation material;

2) Establish a reasonable planting system;

3) strengthen cultivation management;

4) Breeding and utilization of disease-resistant varieties.

Chemical control, also known as pesticide control, is the use of the toxicity of chemical agents to control BAI pests and diseases. Du agricultural control is through cultivation and cultivation

Cultivation measures or methods for using DAO to breed disease-resistant and insect-resistant crop varieties to control pests.

Physical control is the use of simple tools and various physical factors, such as light, heat, electricity, temperature, humidity and radioactive energy, sound waves and other measures to control pests and diseases.

The characteristics are as follows: physical control is generally through some agricultural measures to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling pests and diseases, commonly used are adjusting the sowing period, deep ploughing of cultivated land, winter irrigation, crop rotation and so on. The advantages are: cost-saving, environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

Biological control is the use of beneficial organisms to control pests or diseases, beneficial insects, probiotics, etc. The advantages are that the prevention and control period is long, no pollution, etc.

Chemical control is the use of chemicals to control pests and diseases. The advantage is that it has a quick effect and is easy to apply.