A question in high school biology, a question in high school biology detailed answers .

For example, the knee jerk reflex. It's the simplest form of neuromodulation. Neuromodulation is a relatively accurate but limited way of adjusting the reflex arc, which is rapid and transient.

Humoral regulation: Single-celled organisms and some lower organisms only have humoral regulation. Fluid regulation is through the transport of body fluids.

The more extensive but slower mode of regulation, the longer duration of action. For example, blood sugar regulation. Neuro-humoral regulation:

It is better to say that nerves are the main and humoral is supplemented, but it is better to say that the nerves are active and the humoral is passive. For example, thermoregulation. There is also adrenaline regulation, which affects adrenal regulation due to nerve impulses such as fear and anxiety.

Humoral neuromodulation: The same can be argued, for example, due to a lack of thyroid hormones, which leads to a decrease in the excitability of the nervous system.

First question.

F1 genotype.

It must be AABCC and its gametes have 5 classes, A

a,b,b,c

There are 9 genotypes of F2. The type of AA can produce AA, AA, and AA, BB is also 3, CC can only produce CC, so 3*3

9.I won't list the specifics.

Second question: chromosomes are primary.

Genetic. That's what the textbook says.

Third: the ratio is 1: it is the opposite of the chain you said.

Because A vs. Tg vs. C, how much (A+G) there is in this chain, how many complementary chains (T+C) there are, corresponding.

And so on ......

The rest will be talked about later.

I'm okay with biology, so I should be able to help you.

High School Biology Elective 1 Acetic Acid Bacteria.

1. The phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group, and the general hydrophilic group will turn to water, and the hydrophobic group will be away from water, so that the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane can be formed.

2. Protein molecules, in fact, are amino acids, and in the process of dehydration and condensation of two amino acid molecules to form dipeptides, the combination of -oh and -h will produce water molecules.

3. Returning to the cell membrane, proteins can cover, mosaic or penetrate the phospholipid bilayer, mainly these three positional relationships.

I wonder if you're learning about the structure of cell membranes. So. The answer is as follows.

The chemical composition of the cell membrane is mainly phospholipid molecules and protein molecules. Among them, the phospholipid molecule is the basic skeleton, and the phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. The part of the balloon like the balloon is the hydrophilic head, which binds to the water.

Like a balloon rope, the hydrophobic tail is kept away from the water.

2.Amino acids, the basic unit of protein, are formed after dehydration and condensation reactions. That is, if there are two amino acids in one chain, one molecule of water will be removed, and if there is one chain of three amino acids, two molecules of water will be removed.

N amino acids, the formation of m peptide chain is to produce n m water, this peptide chain is coiled, and after folding, it is protein. '

Because its genes have not changed substantially.

Because it also has messenger DNA in it

1.(40%M) does contain two high-energy phosphate bonds, but only one needs to be formed from ADP to ATP, because there is already one in ADP.

2.Too high a concentration of growth color can inhibit the growth of plants.

2.Gibberellin because other hormones do not act as inhibitors.

1. The title says "40% of it is used to convert ADP to ATP", so there is only one high-energy phosphate bond.

2. May contain abscisic acid. Abscisic acid works by promoting the senescence and shedding of leaves and fruits.

The answer is: d.

Let me explain the two ab items below.

A is correct, if X represents the external O2 concentration and Y represents the CO2 release, curve A is the increase of carbon dioxide with the increase of external oxygen concentration, indicating that this is aerobic respiration, and the B curve is the gradual decrease of carbon dioxide release with the increase of external oxygen concentration, indicating that this is anaerobic respiration, because the presence of oxygen will inhibit anaerobic respiration. (Because item D is obviously wrong, don't go to extremes here, that is, don't consider the process of anaerobic respiration in the human body, otherwise this question will not be done).

B is correct, for homeothermic animals, at low temperatures, in order to maintain the stability of body temperature, oxygen consumption gradually increases, and after the temperature increases, oxygen consumption will decrease, so it conforms to the curve B, and for ectothermic animals, the internal temperature is not constant, what is the outside temperature, what is the body temperature, so the activity of enzymes in the body also changes with the change of external temperature, the outside temperature increases, the internal temperature of the otherothermic animal will also increase, the metabolism is strengthened, the oxygen consumption increases, and it conforms to the curve A.

Assisted diffusion or facilitated diffusion refers to the electrochemistry of non-fat-soluble or hydrophilic substances such as amino acids, sugars and metal ions with the help of a pro-concentration gradient of membrane proteins on the cell membrane along the concentration gradient, without consuming ATP to the membrane means of transport.

Carriers, protein channels are available in two ways.

The landlord said that it belongs to the carrier mode.

Ionophores. The membrane+ on one side of the membrane is released from the electrochemical gradient by passing the lipid bilayer downwards on one side of the membrane and the K+ on the other side of the membrane. Its mechanism of action is similar to that of a siphon, so that the water at both ends of the glass wall barrier lower current.

The idea of option d is the same as that of the experiment done by Saxophone in the book, if the whole leaf should be blue according to the operation method of the option, the first thing to do in this kind of experiment is to starve and consume the accumulated starch in the experiment.

Option b here wants to emphasize that the site of photosynthesis is in the chloroplast, and the place of starch production is in the chloroplast, if we follow your idea we also have to distinguish whether this is a C3 plant or a C4 plant It is too complicated to consider.

The answer is: d.

a Chlorophyll absorbs most of the red and violet light and reflects green light. A is correct b chloroplast is the place where plants carry out photosynthesis, plant photosynthesis produces starch, starch is blue when exposed to iodine so b is correct.

c Undoubtedly, correct.

dNote that the leaf was not removed for this experiment around 10 a.m., but in the afternoon. Nutrients are still present in the area covered by tin and platinum foil, so it is heated with alcohol and decolorized, and after being treated with iodine solution, the entire leaf is blue.

I think b is wrong The starch produced by chloroplasts is also transported to other parts of the leaf, and other parts will also appear blue.