What was the official position of an ancient Chinese translator, and what foreign languages did they

Translator of antiquity.

The status is not high, and the main translators are the northern nomads.

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The ancient translator first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, which can be said to be a very ancient official position. At that time, the northern nomads and the Central Plains.

The language is not understood, and the appearance of these translators is to decipher the language of the nomads. Because there are not many people who are proficient in various languages, sometimes it is necessary to translate several times to get a more accurate result. Therefore, at that time, the translator had an official name called "Nine Translators", which meant that he needed to translate nine times.

Translator is a type of job that requires skills, but the status is not high, and the rank is not high.

In fact, He Shen, who everyone knows, is also a very powerful "translator". He is not like what everyone sees in film and television dramas, he is a person who does not learn and has no skills. On the contrary, he himself was dignified and fluent in many languages, and was deeply loved by the emperor.

He is not only proficient in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Han languages, but also very good at translating these languages. Even if the British visit, He Shen can receive it very properly. But at that time, the profession of translator did not attract much attention.

It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that it appeared in order to learn the advanced culture of the West".TongbunkanSpecializing in the training of translation talents. That is to say, the translator from the Western Zhou.

began to appear, and it was not until the end of the Qing Dynasty that it was considered a ruling class.

I paid attention to it.

In the early days, translators mainly mastered the languages of different ethnic groups in their own countries, and in the late Qing Dynasty, they began to learn the languages of other countries, such as English and Japanese.

and French and so on. Language communication is very important, which is more conducive to communication between nations and between countries.

The name of the official translation agency of each dynasty is different, taking the Tang Dynasty as an example, this translation agency is handed over to Honglu Temple, and the official position of the translator is called Yiyu, and the foreign language they have to master is basically the language of those Fanbang vassal countries.

Translators who know the Eastern language are called "Ji", those who are proficient in the southern language are called "Xiang", those who are proficient in the Western language are called "Di Zhen", and those who are familiar with the northern language are called "Yi".

There were many ethnic groups in ancient China, and most of the translators at that time were missionaries, translating various local dialects, after all, the famous translator was Ma Huan when Zheng He went to the West, he was a Hui Muslim, proficient in Arabic and Persian.

Most of the translators at that time were missionaries, translating various local dialects, reading a wide range of books, and understanding local folk languages.

The names of the translators of each dynasty are different, and there were many ethnic groups in ancient China, and most of the translators at that time were called missionaries.

In ancient times, the official name of the translator was missionary, and while spreading the culture of other places, he also spread some languages of other countries.

In ancient times, translators were equivalent to missionaries, promoting the language and culture of their own country.

During the Shang Dynasty, translators who needed to be good at the "language of the four directions" would be reused and served as interpreters.

Matter.

Tongshi, refers to the matter of communication; Formerly referred to as translators. Emperor Cao Rong of Wei Ming had a general affairs from time to time, Liu Tai. In the Western Jin Dynasty, there were 1 general affairs and 1 person each, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty combined the two positions for a chain of positive changes, and the case chapter was presented.

See "Jin Shu, Career Official Chronicles, Zhongshu Sheren", "Tongdian, Career Official Three, Zhongshu Ling, Tongshi Sheren". During the Five Dynasties, the Khitan was also emptied, and people who were familiar with the customs of the Han people and knew Chinese were served. Before Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, there were big and small things.

Various titles for translators in ancient China

In ancient times, the translator who was proficient in the "Six Barbarian Languages" was called "Xiangxu";

In charge of "Qirong" is "Di Luo";

Responsible for the affairs of the "Eight Di", called "Translation Knowledge";

The person in charge of the affairs of the "Jiuyi" is called the "Jisi" of the shed judgment.

During the Zhou Dynasty, the translators were collectively referred to as "Xiangxu", and according to the familiarity with the "Di, Man, Rong, and Yi" languages, "Xiangxu" was divided into four levels: "sergeant", "sergeant", "corporal", and "apprentice", and the translation agency consisted of 28 people.

Like Xu, he was responsible for conveying the edict of the Son of Heaven to the "Di, Man, Rong, and Yi", maintaining the rule of the Son of Heaven over the other country, vassal states, and states, and appeasing the princes of the Quartet.

In the ancient times of the accompaniment,"Translation"The term "good mess" refers to a person who works as a translator. In ancient times, translation work was mainly done by scholars or translators with a high level of education and certain language skills. They translate from one language to another through textual translation, spoken translation, etc., to enable communication and communication between different cultures.

In ancient China,"Translation"The word first appeared in the Analects, in which there is a sentence:"The gentleman seeks himself, and the villain asks for others. "The meaning of this phrase is that a gentleman should rely on his own efforts and not on the help of others.

Later,"Translation"The term has gradually come to refer to those who work as translators, that is"Language switcher"。

Except"Translation"In addition, there were many other terms used in ancient times to refer to people who were engaged in translation. For example,"Translation"、"Translator"、"Translators"These terms refer to those who transmit information, culture, and knowledge through language conversion.

Answer: General affairs.

In ancient China, a general clerk was a profession that referred to a person who was engaged in translation, document processing, and serving as a messenger of orders. Ordinary people are often regarded as literati and have a high status and prestige.

Tongshi has long been seen in the "Zhou Li, Autumn Lawsuit Kou Fifth Zhangjiao" called "the general affairs of the state and make friends", with the titles of Tongsi, Tongshi, Tongren, Tongue Man, Translator, etc., including the meaning of handover and exchange, pilgrimage and communication information, and later gradually had the title of "translator". They are intermediaries in the contacts and exchanges between China and other countries, between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities, and between various ethnic minorities in the historical period.

Which ancient term refers to a person who works as a translator?

a.Scoop. b.Matter.

Correct answer: General matter.

Answer analysis: In ancient China, Tongshi was a profession, which referred to people who were engaged in translation, clerical handling, and the transmission of orders. Tongshi was often regarded as a man of letters, with a high status and prestige.

In ancient times, the profession of translator was a general matter.

Tongshi, refers to the matter of communication; Formerly referred to as translators. The words of "Zhou Li, Qiu Guan, Zhangjiao": "Crack the general affairs of the state and make friends with it".

Occupation**: The earliest account of the translator appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, when the "translator" was engaged in the translation of the Kongxun language of the northern peoples. The profession of translation has a long history in China, China itself is a multi-ethnic country, the language is different, and the foreign exchange is also very frequent, so all dynasties have set up full-time translation agencies.