What are the key points of feeding techniques for the warped red catfish?

<> feed for the cultivation of red catfish, there are two types of natural bait and artificial compound feed. Natural fresh bait includes small trash fish, shrimp, aquatic and terrestrial insects and benthic animals. It is an upper-pelagic fish, swims quickly, is good at jumping, its feeding mode is different from other fish, it likes to flock to the surface of the water to jump and feed, so its compound feed requirements are floating extruded pellet feed.

The standard of nutritional requirements is: crude protein 42%-44%, crude fat 7%-9%, carbohydrate 20%-23%, fiber 5%-6%. The animal raw materials for feed are:

Fish meal, silkworm pupae, meat and bone meal, feather meal, blood meal, bacterial protein powder, yeast powder, etc.; Plant-based materials include: soybean cake, cottonseed cake, corn and wheat.

According to the size of the fish size and the change of environmental factors, especially the water temperature and gas extinguishing conditions, timely adjust the feeding amount, feeding time and feeding type, not only to meet the needs of fish for nutrients in a balanced way, but also to give full play to the maximum utilization rate of feed just right. It is necessary to determine the daily feeding amount according to the stocking amount, fish weight and bait coefficient, and the general feeding rate is 2%-2 5%。

It takes a lot of physical effort to feed on the surface of the water, so it should be fed with suitable feed in a timely manner to reduce the number of feedings. Generally, two types of feed are selected with feeding, the proportion depends on the eating situation, gradually reducing the amount of small size and changing to large size feed, gradually eliminating small size and upgrading large size stuffy feed.

The red-billed catfish like to flock in groups, especially like to move and feed in low light conditions, and can be fed by feeding machines, one per 10,000 tails; It can also be fed manually, 2 food tables (30 square meters) per 10,000 tails, circled with a meter-wide summer flower mesh, and the lower end is placed 20 cm below the water surface. The specific feeding and teasing methods can be summarized as four views and four determinations.

The so-called four looks, that is, after mastering the daily feeding amount, you have to look at the season, the weather, the water quality, and the eating and activity of the fish to determine the actual feeding amount. Adjust the feeding according to different seasons; According to the change of the extinguishing ante, the feeding amount is specifically determined. If the pond fish activity is normal and can eat all the feed within l hours, the feeding amount can be increased appropriately, otherwise the feeding amount should be reduced.

The so-called four determinations refer to the timing, quantitative, fixed-point, and qualitative feeding time. According to the living habits of cattle feeding in low light, Ao is fed 2 times a day: before 1 to 8 o'clock in the morning, 1 3 of the day's feedingAfter 6 p.m., feed 2 3 of the day's feeding.

1. Pond patrol observation: This is the most basic daily work in the polyculture, and it is required to patrol the pond at least 3 times a day. In the early morning, the pond patrol mainly observes the activities of the fish and whether there is death, and the pond patrol in the afternoon can be combined with the number of inputs, staring at the stuffy feeding and fertilization, and checking the activities and eating conditions of the fish; Near dusk, the pond patrol mainly checks whether there is any residual feed.

When the weather changes abruptly in the hot season, the fish are prone to floating heads, and the pond should be patrolled in the middle of the night in order to take effective measures in time to prevent flooding.

2. Food table inspection: Check whether there is any residual bait and fish eating on the food table every evening, so as to adjust the feeding amount for the next day. In the hot summer season, the food table should also be cleaned and disinfected every week, and 30 milliliters of bleaching powder can be used for disinfection.

At present, the fish farmed in China can be relatively divided into three categories: pelagic fish, middle and lower pelagic fish and bottom fish from the perspective of their living space. Pelagic fish such as silver carp and bighead carp, pelagic fish such as grass carp, bream, bream, etc., and demersal fish such as herring, carp, crucian carp, dace, tilapia, etc. In terms of eating habits, silver carp and bighead carp eat plankton and organic detritus, grass carp, bream and bream mainly eat grass, herring mainly eats snails, clams and other mollusks, carp and crucian carp (carp also eat mollusks) can dig and eat earthworms, mosquito larvae and organic debris in the sediment, and dace and tilapia can eat organic debris and algae.

The above-mentioned fish are cultivated separately in the pond, and the space and bait organisms in the water body (such as small fish, small shrimp, etc.) are not fully utilized, and it is completely possible to raise benthic, omnivorous and partial animalistic fish.

There are no special requirements for the main fish in the polyculture of the red catfish in the adult fish breeding pond, such as the mild four large fish, carnivorous mandarin fish, sea bass, etc. The characteristics of small individuals, omnivorous partial animal feeding, benthic and diurnal emergence, should be fully considered in ponds, and the principle of interculture should be determined.

First, if the warped-billed redfish is intercultured in a pond where the main carnivorous fish are raised, there are certain requirements for the specifications of the main fish and the warped redfish. Both the redhead and the main fish are carnivorous fish, and if the size of the two is quite different, there is a danger that they will use each other as bait. If both are breeding species in the current year, and the main fish grows fast, the maximum size of the fish should be limited; If the redfish is an alternate year, the minimum size of the main fish should be limited.

If the main fish are mandarin fish and sea bass, when the red fish is in the pond, the mandarin fish and sea bass are required to be less than 4 cm; If the main fish is largemouth catfish, spotted fork-tailed, when the warped-billed red catfish goes down to the pond, the main fish should not be larger than 6 cm.

Second, it is an omnivorous partial animal-eating fish, which has the same feeding habits as carp, crucian carp, dace, tilapia, etc., and its habitat is also similar. If the pond mainly raises these fish, only a small amount of redfish can be raised, as long as the main fish are fed with a sufficient amount of feed, so as not to affect the growth of the fish; If the pond is going to polyculture these omnivorous and partial animalistic fish, it can be completely replaced by the warped red catfish, which can achieve better economic benefits.

Whether the feeding is reasonable or not directly affects the fish production, feed efficiency, breeding cost and economic benefits of the redfish. High-efficiency breeding not only needs to understand the needs of the red carp for various nutrients, scientific preparation of feed hail per mu, but also must master the scientific feeding technology, in order to obtain good feed remuneration and economic benefits, otherwise it will lead to feed waste and economic benefits.

One of the biggest challenges is how to ensure that the feed is completely ingested by the aquatic animals without water loss. In addition, it is difficult to observe the feeding activities of aquatic animals, especially when they eat heavy feed, which also brings difficulties to the feeding work. This type of resistance problem does not occur when feeding other animals, or it is easy to solve certain difficulties.

The problem of feeding in aquatic animal breeding obviously has its particularity and difficulty, and the practical work must be taken seriously. Reasonable feeding is related to the biological characteristics of aquatic animals, the digestibility of feed and environmental factors.

In the pond stocking of the red carp, stocking time and stocking skills and conventional breeding is particular, generally in the gourd to survive and grow the first leaf after the release of fingerlings, in order to improve the rate of feeding commodities, it is recommended to put the body length of 9 11 cm large fry, 300 per mu of water surface. Soak the fingerlings in 3% salt water for 5 10 minutes before putting them in the pond, and at the same time, 10 crucian carp fingerlings and 20 bighead carp fingerlings are put into each mu, and the specification is about 20 grams per tail. It is not advisable to polyculture herbivorous fish such as grass carp and bream to prevent eating the young leaves of lotus root buds.

Fish fingerlings start feeding on the 3rd day after the pond, choose the fish pit as a feeding point, feed 2 times a day, respectively 7 8 o'clock in the morning, 4 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the daily feeding amount is about 3% of the total weight of the fish, the specific feeding quantity is flexibly grasped according to the weather, water quality, fish eating and activities. The feed is self-made compound feed, the main ingredients are soybean meal, wheat bran, corn, blood meal, fish meal, feed additives, etc., the crude protein content is 30%, the feed is floating, the particle size is 2 5 mm, and the feed is fixed on the feed table.

1) Feed quality requirements: Feeding high-quality feed can keep the fish in good health, optimal growth, and best yield, and reduce the waste that may be brought to the environment as much as possible, and pay a reasonable cost for the best profit. The use of feeds with high nutritional quality and good physical properties is key to the 80 20 pond fish farming technique.

High nutritional quality refers to the combination of high-quality raw materials in a certain proportion of feed can meet all the nutritional needs of fish, and physical quality refers to the made pellet feed has a clean and firm appearance, soaked in water can be stable for at least 10 minutes. The quality requirements for feed are as follows:

The feed must be made into pellets;

The feed used must be nutritionally complete, including complete vitamin and mineral premixes as well as supplemented vitamin C and phosphorus;

The protein content of the feed is 30% 35%;

The quality of the feed decreases with longer storage time. Feed should be used up within 6 weeks of leaving the factory, as vitamins and other nutrients can be lost and damaged by mold and other microorganisms if stored for too long. Feed should be stored in a dry, ventilated, dark and cool warehouse to prevent infestation from animals and insects.

2) Feeding technology: In order to balance the growth of the fish and the feed coefficient, the most suitable feed amount for each feeding and daily feeding should be about 90% of the full feed amount of the fish.

The amount of feed ingested by fish in the pond is mainly related to the water temperature and the average weight of the fish. There are many practical methods of feeding, and the following feeding principles must be mastered:

Feed at a rate of 3% for the first few days, and when the fish are able to feed actively, the fish will eat the feed within 2 to 5 minutes.

Trained to feed during the day, preferably between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., or 2 hours after dawn and 2 hours before dusk.

Overfeeding is strictly avoided, and the sign of overfeeding is more than 10 minutes after feeding, and there is still any remaining feed that has not been eaten by the fish.