The development of China s foreign relations after World War II

Relations with the United States, Germany are good.

Yalta system.

At the end of World War II, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union held a series of summits, the main ones of which were: the Cairo Conference, the Tehran Conference, the Yalta Conference, and the Potsdam Conference.

These summits resulted in a series of communiqués, protocols, agreements, declarations and memoranda affecting the post-war world order, in particular the Yalta system, the Yalta system, with the Yalta Agreement as the main body.

After the end of World War II, the global system of international relations has undergone significant changes. The following are the main systems of international relations that formed after World War II:

1.Cold War system: After World War II, the world was divided into two superpower camps, the capitalist camp led by the United States and the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union.

There is a constant confrontation and competition between the two camps, known as the Cold War. During the Cold War, international relations were dominated by confrontation and conflict between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, and their allies.

2.United Nations system: The United Nations was established in 1945 to maintain international peace and security and promote international cooperation.

The United Nations is an international organization of Member States that aims to cooperate in the settlement of disputes through diplomatic channels, the promotion of development and the protection of human rights.

3.NATO and the Warsaw Pact: To counter the Soviet Union's expansionist ambitions during the Cold War, some Western countries formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for collective defense and military cooperation.

And the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies formed the Warsaw Pact (Warsaw Pact).

4.Globalization and multipolarization: With the end of the Cold War, the process of globalization has accelerated, and international relations have become more complex and diverse.

It should be noted that the system of international relations is a dynamic concept, which will be adjusted and transformed with the evolution of the times and changes in the international situation. The evolution of the system of international relations after World War II continues to this day, and the relations between international organizations, regional cooperation mechanisms, and countries in the world are constantly adjusting and developing.

In order to conclude a peace treaty, the Entente group that was victorious in World War I signed a series of peace treaties such as the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference, establishing a new order of imperialist domination in Europe, West Asia, and Africa. At the initiative of the United States, in 1921-1922, representatives of the United States, Britain, France, and China held a meeting in Washington, D.C., and established the ruling order of the imperial lords in East Asia and the Pacific Through these two international conferences, the imperialist powers established the "Versailles-Washington system" and established a new order of imperialist domination After the end of World War II, the capitalist camp led by the United States implemented a Cold War policy against the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union, and the Yalta system was formed

It is more representative that from November 22 to 26, 1943, the people attended the Cairo Conference and issued the "Cairo Declaration".

Among them demanded that Japan be self-defeating.

Since then, all the islands occupied in the Pacific Ocean have been deprived, and all the territories occupied by China, including Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, have been returned to China, and China has supported the freedom and independence of Korea and liberated the countries and regions in Southeast Asia that have been invaded by Japan.

Diplomatic achievements: It is the first international conference that China has participated in as a world power, which has enhanced China's international prestige and established China's status as one of the world's top four powers. The Cairo Declaration was the first important international document to recognize Taiwan as an inalienable part of China's territory and to deal with the Taiwan issue for post-war China.

It provides a basis for international law.

After the United States entered World War II:

Establishment of the Anti-Fascist Alliance: On January 1, 1942, 26 countries including Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and China held a meeting in Washington and signed the Declaration of the United Nations, marking the final formation of the international anti-fascist united front.

New Sino-British Sino-American Treaty: 1943. Abolish all unequal treaties between China, Britain, and the United States, and abolish the concessions and garrisons.

The foreign policy of the Nationalists was to unite with the Soviet Union and the United States and Germany to obtain their economic and military assistance, and to use the strategic depth of our country's territory to hold back the Japanese army's attack. To a certain extent, good diplomatic results were achieved, and the United States was obtained. Germany, the aid of the USSR.

Consular jurisdiction and some extraterritoriality were abolished.

The Cairo Conference raised its international standing.

Change: Western-centric.

The international pattern has evolved into a bipolar pattern centered on the United States and the Soviet Union. (2 points) Reason: The Yalta system laid the framework for the post-war bipolar pattern.

2 points) World War II changed the balance of world power: the decline of Western Europe and Japan after the war; The United States became the hegemon of the capitalist world; The Soviet Union became the only political and military power that could compete with the United States. (2 points).

The contradictions between the social system, ideology, and national interests of the United States and the Soviet Union intensified, and the Soviet Union became the biggest obstacle to the United States' hegemony in the world. (2 points).

The pattern of international relations after World War II has undergone a total of three transformations.

The first time was supposed to be at the beginning of World War II:

The power of European imperialism was generally weakened, the United States became the world's largest power, and the power of the Soviet Union also rose. However, there is still a certain gap between the national strength of the Soviet Union and the United States, and the United States is at this time unique among the world powers.

The second time was in the mid-50s to early 90s.

During this period, the United States and the Soviet Union were both superpowers in the world, and the world maintained relative stability at this time, and there were still local conflicts.

The third time is from the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 to the present.

During this time, the United States was the only superpower in the world. The world has temporarily formed a pattern of "one superpower and many powers", with "one superpower" referring to the United States and "many powers" referring to China, Japan, the European Union, Russia and other countries and international organizations, and the world has begun to develop towards political multipolarization.

。。bai。。。Since you know that Du Dao is a high school student, why don't you go to the history books of the first year of high school? 1945—

In the 70s of the 20th century, the Western capitalist camp led by the United States and the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union formed a bipolar pattern, and the bipolar pattern did not end until the official dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991.

The Cold War, the almost outbreak of World War III, the Soviet Union and the United States, the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The confrontation between the Axis and the Allies, the confrontation between NATO, led by the United States, and the Warsaw Pact, led by the Soviet Union.

International Relations Before World War II.

The pattern refers to the Versailles-Washington system.

The Versailles system was based on the Versailles Treaty: the outbreak of World War I had greatly damaged Europe's vitality, and the United States took the opportunity to use the Versailles Treaty to export a large amount of capital to Europe, thus establishing its position as the world hegemon. Germany, the largest power in Europe, was defeated, losing one-eighth of its territory and one-tenth of its population, the Saarland coal mine was mined by France for 15 years, 50 kilometers east of the Rhine River was not allowed to garrison German troops, the colonies were partitioned, and the army was reduced.

However, too much weakening of Germany led to a sense of revenge and sowed the seeds of hatred in World War II.

Washington System: Against the backdrop of the shipbuilding race, the United States undermined the Anglo-Japanese alliance on the occasion of the 1922 Washington Conference; It was stipulated that the tonnage of the main battleships of the United States, Britain, France, Italy, and Japan at that time was 5:5

3::, Japan had to dismantle the two battleships under construction; It was also stipulated that China would be transferred from Japan's exclusive occupation to joint control by the great powers. The Washington Conference was a major diplomatic defeat for Japan, which was seriously dissatisfied with the Washington system and laid the groundwork for the rise of militarism and the outbreak of World War II.

The post-World War II international pattern refers to the Yalta system: the Yalta Conference held in Yalta, the Soviet Union (now part of Ukraine) in early 1945 by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, the heads of state of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union. It marks the formation of a bipolar pattern in the world, the confrontation between the two camps of socialism and capitalism, and the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union as the main line of international relations.

Before the war, it was the Versailles-Washington DU system, which was a multi-level DAO system dominated by Germany, Italy, Japan, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. At that time, the United States still pursued isolationism, and the alliance between Germany and Italy before the war was not clear, and there were also many contradictions between Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, and Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, Britain and Germany, and Japan and Germany all engaged in alliance or neutral negotiations, so it was not a confrontation between the two blocs, but a collusion and struggle between the two powers.

After World War II, with the emergence of the German question, the Iranian question, the Japanese question, the Turkish question, and the five-power treaty issue, the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union broke down, and then the Greek issue was introduced, and the Cold War broke out. After the United States rearmed West Germany and brought it into NATO, the Warsaw Pact was also established, forming a confrontation between the two blocs led by the United States and the Soviet Union, that is, a bipolar pattern. The world's major powers entered two blocs, and the two superpowers also effectively controlled their allies in the initial stage.