The cultivation technology of winter vegetables, how many degrees of cold resistance are winter vege

Sowing seedlings, winter cold vegetable cultivation, and spring sowing.

1) Sowing seedlings and cultivating winter cold vegetables are more live-seeded. The harvest period of winter cold vegetables is long, with high yield and high quality, so autumn sowing is the main method; There are also spring sown; Summer sowing is easy to die by itself, so it is not suitable for cultivation in summer. In the Yangtze River basin, autumn sowing is sown in August and November, and early sowing can be harvested in autumn.

September is the appropriate period for sowing, sowing is too late, and it is easy to suffer from frost damage; Greenhouse can also be used for overwintering cultivation, and the benefit is better. Spring sowing should be carried out from late February to mid-March, but sowing should not be too early to avoid frost damage; If sowing too late, it will encounter high temperature, poor growth, serious disease, and short growth period, which will affect the yield.

Spread or hole seeding is used. After the previous stubble is out of the garden, it is immediately ploughed, and 2000 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu as base fertilizer. Leveling to make a deep ditch and high furrow, furrow width (including ditch width) 2 meters, after adjusting the soil moisture, you can sow seeds.

The row spacing of the hole sown plants is 25 cm x 25 cm, 4 5 grains are sown in each hole, 3 4 seedlings are left after the seedlings, and the sowing amount per mu is 250 grams; The amount of seeds required per mu is 1000 1500 grams, and the seedlings are started when 4 5 true leaves, the seedling spacing is 16 cm, and each cluster is 2 3 seedlings. The temperature of spring sowing is low, and the mulch film is warmed and moisturized after sowing, and the seedlings emerge after 8 to 10 days. The temperature of autumn sowing is high, after sowing, set up a shade net, cover the furrow with straw, in order to cool down and prevent heavy rain, and then remove after the emergence of seedlings after 5 or 6 days, so as to facilitate the light refining seedlings.

It is best to transplant seedlings in cold spring planting, the amount of seeds per mu is kilograms, 72 hole trays can be used, 122 seedling trays are needed per mu, and 70 are needed per mu if 128 hole seedling trays are used.

2) Field management: The ability to absorb water and fertilizer at the seedling stage of winter vegetables is weak, and the weeds on the furrow surface grow vigorously, so it is necessary to weed in time, and at the same time, the soil is loosened diligently to avoid soil compaction. Winter vegetables need a large amount of fertilizer, and after sowing, they can be poured with rotting thin manure water as seed fertilizer, which can cover up the seeds and facilitate germination. After the seedlings emerge, thin human feces and urine can be lightly watered.

Before the first harvest, 500 kg of human manure per mu needs to be applied once, so the plant is still small, the amount of fertilizer required is not large, and the fertilizer can not be too concentrated and excessive. Later, with the continuous harvesting, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and the fertility tolerance of the plant is also continuously enhanced. When the frost is heavy, the leaf surface can be sprinkled with a thin layer of grass ash or old chaff ash to prevent frost, after the last harvest of the year, first pour a layer of thick manure residue with the soil, and then cover it with plastic film or straw bales to avoid frost and snow frost damage.

Watering once every 8 to 10 days in spring and once every 5 to 7 days in autumn sowing to promote plant growth.

3) Harvest winter vegetables 50 to 60 days after sowing, when the plant is about 18 cm high. In winter, 4 or 5 sections of the upper leaf tips can be left for each harvest, if left too short, it is susceptible to frost damage and hurts the basal buds. Spring harvest should be close to the ground and leave 1 2 sections for picking; If the stubble is too high, the side branches germinate too much, the nutrients are scattered, the new leaf tips are not thick, and the quality is poor.

It grows vigorously in spring and can be harvested every 7 to 10 days until the sprouts bloom.

Winter vegetables like to be cool, and the temperature suitable for its growth is between 15 and 20 degrees. Too high or too low a temperature is not good for its growth; Watering: It likes moisture, needs to keep the soil moist for a long time, and needs to be watered every other day if the weather is hot; Fertilization:

In addition to the basal fertilizer mixed in the soil before sowing, after the emergence of seedlings, it is also necessary to fertilize it once a month; Light: 4 hours of astigmatism every day is fine, so although it is called winter cold vegetables, it is not cold-tolerant.

Winter vegetables are sown in early November and the harvest period is as long as 4-5 months, cabbage varieties, disease, can be sprayed with Manhattan iodine preparation fungicide generally to carry out seedling transplanting. In South China, the seeds are generally sown from September to December, and are sown in batches** until February of the following year. Generally, it can be harvested 20-40 days after planting.

Cabbage is cultivated in spring, mainly to harvest young plants for consumption, sowing from February to April, and harvesting from April to May. In summer, cabbage seedlings are mainly cultivated, and sowing begins in early May and lasts until August. 25-30 days after sowing, young plants are harvested and marketed.

1. Planting time: Winter vegetables prefer a cool and humid climate, neither heat nor cold, seeds will not germinate in an environment below 8, and the rooting speed is faster when the temperature is 25. Therefore, the planting time is generally in spring and autumn, spring sowing is mostly in February, and autumn sowing is not until late September.

2. Land preparation and fertilization: Although winter vegetables do not have strict requirements for soil, they will grow better when cultivated in loose, fertile and well-drained soil. Moreover, this plant cannot be planted continuously, and it is usually replanted after an interval of 3 years.

In order to improve the fertility of the soil, it is necessary to prepare the land and fertilize before planting, and 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer should be added per mu, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied.

3. Sowing: Winter vegetable sowing is generally done in holes, the plant spacing is kept at 35*35 cm, 4-5 seeds should be sown in each hole, covered with fine soil after sowing, watered with foot water, kept the soil moist, and waited for the seeds to emerge. When the seedlings grow to a certain extent, they need to be planted, and the planting density should be controlled when planting.

4. Field management: Winter vegetables need to be cultivated and weeded during the growth period, and weeds should be removed in time to avoid it competing with plants for growth space and nutrients. In addition, if you want to harvest young shoots multiple times, you need to carry out top dressing after each harvest, and urea is more used as fertilizer.

If the plant encounters pests and diseases, it needs to be sprayed with pesticides.

1. Temperature: The temperature of its germination is about 25 degrees, the growth temperature is about 20 degrees, the temperature is more than 30 degrees, it is prone to diseases, and the temperature is lower than 15 degrees, and it will slow down its growth rate.

2. Watering: It is suitable for growing in a relatively humid environment, because it is not resistant to high temperatures, so it needs to be watered more in high temperature weather, preferably once every other day, and when the temperature is low, it can be watered once a week.

3. Fertilization: It consumes a lot of nutrients, especially in the growing period, it needs to be topdressed every month, and the fertilizer can use farmhouse fertilizer, or you can use compound fertilizer with more comprehensive nutrients. At the beginning of the emergence of seedlings, top dressing should still be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the purpose is to promote the growth of plants.

4. Light: It is not resistant to exposure to the sun, and the light should be mainly astigmatism, and the daily light time is guaranteed to be four or five hours.

1. Reproduction: It can be propagated by sowing seeds. The amount of seeds per mu is about one kilogram, the sowing method is mainly sown, if it is hole sowing, each hole can put four to five seeds, after sowing is covered with a layer of soil, watered once permeable, one week to two weeks can emerge seedlings, and when the seedlings grow three leaves, they can be transplanted and planted.

2. Planting: The density of planting should be determined according to the requirements of harvesting, the requirements of harvesting are different, the planting density will be different, if it is for the purpose of harvesting seedlings, it can be properly densely planted, generally 15 cm square is the best, if it is multiple harvesting shoots, 25 cm square can be.

1. Pests: The main insect pests of winter vegetables are ground tigers and Spodoptera litura, if the plant is found to be infected with insect pests, you can use poisonous bait to trap and kill, if you use chemical agents to remove insects, you can wait until a week to ten days before you can pick, because the chemical agents are toxic, you can only pick after the volatilization of the medicine.

2. Lesions: Its main diseases are anthrax disease and root rot, anthracnose needs to be prevented and controlled by chlorothalonil, and root rot needs to be controlled with carbendazim.

1. Edible: It is edible.

2. Whether it is suitable for home planting: it does not have high requirements for the maintenance environment, and the plant is not large, so indoor planting is possible.

Winter vegetables can be sown in February in spring and September in autumn, and potted winter vegetables are best sown in November, the temperature of these seasons is more suitable for the living environment of the plant, which can make it take root and germinate quickly. When planting winter vegetables, choose fertile, flat land and then germinate the seeds, which will germinate after one to two weeks.

Winter vegetable sowing time.

Winter vegetable varieties:Winter vegetables generally use large-leaf seeds, spring sowing and autumn sowing are OK, spring sowing time is February, autumn sowing is late September.

Sowing time for potted winter vegetables.

Potted winter vegetables can be sown between September and December, and people usually choose around November, when the plant growth rate is relatively fast.

Sowing temperature of winter vegetables.

Winter vegetable seeds will not germinate in an environment below 8, and the rooting speed is relatively fast when the temperature is about 25.

How to sow winter vegetables.

1. Soil preparation and fertilizationWhen planting winter vegetables, choose flat, loose and fertile land to plant, generally do judgment Zen into a flat furrow, when applying base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, after sowing, can be used as seed fertilizer after human and animal manure is wet.

2. Sowing seedlings:The sowing method of winter vegetables can be sowing or hole sowing, after the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings should be fixed at intervals, and the seedlings can be planted after they grow to a certain extent.

Dongming's cold vegetables are sown and germinated.

1. Soaking:The method of germination of winter vegetables is generally to use soaking seeds to promote germination, that is, to soak the seeds of winter vegetables, the duration of soaking is about one day, and the seeds should be washed several times in the process of soaking, which is more conducive to seed water absorption.

2. Temperature:The seeds of winter vegetables are soaked and wrapped in breathable gauze, covered with a damp towel, and then placed in an environment of 15-10 for germination.

Winter vegetables are sown and seedlings emerge.

After sowing, as long as the winter vegetables are carefully maintained, they can sprout in about 8 to 10 days, and then they can be eaten when they are ripe.

Winter vegetables prefer a shady environment, and can be planted at any time except in hot summers and cold winters. Winter vegetables are suitable for growing in temperatures between 15 and 20 degrees. March, late August, and early September are the best times to plant winter vegetables.

If you choose a pot with a diameter of 20 cm, you can plant about 10 to 12 seeds. Gently press the seeds into the soil and cover them with a layer of soil about 1 cm thick. Water thoroughly, but be careful not to flush the seeds out.

If the temperature is too low, you can move the pot indoors, and when the temperature is too high, pay attention to ventilation and cooling.

The seeds are planted in March, and bud breaks can be produced in about 8 to 10 days. Sowing seeds in late August and early September will cause a shorter germination time.

When the seedlings of winter vegetables grow 4 to 6 leaves, the slightly smaller and redundant seedlings can be pulled out and the strong seedlings can be opened.

When the winter vegetables are small seedlings, it is necessary to water less and fertilize less; When the seedlings grow to a larger size, the amount of water and fertilizer can be increased.

There are very few pests and diseases in the winter vegetables of the family potted vegetables, only pests will appear, but they can be killed manually.

If it is planted in March, it will take about 70 to 80 days, and it can be harvested when it grows to 18 cm tall, and it can be harvested once every 7 to 10 days. Planted in late August and early September, it takes about 50 to 60 days, and can be harvested when the winter vegetables grow to 18 cm high, and can be harvested once in 6 to 9 days.