Briefly describe the rational and social structure of practice

What is social structure.

Sociology tends to explain social structures in an empirical way. In the eyes of sociologists, social structure is a description of the state of society. "The framework for describing the structure of society is different for each scholar, and each scholar has its own emphasis. Some scholars tend to "look at the demographic structure, the family structure."

Organizational structure, group structure, urban and rural structure.

and other aspects" to describe the social structure.

1 (p1) Emil Durkheim argues that the formation and harmony of a group of people is achieved through two forms: "mechanical association" and "organic association", the "social structure of mechanical solidarity" "is a system of many homogeneous links that are similar to each other", and "the social structure dominated by organic solidarity" is "a system of different institutions" that "has its own special functions".

2〕(p142).From the perspective of the relationship between "psychological, intellectual, and moral development and social processes", Karl Mannheim understood the social structure as the mental and psychological construction of human beings, and he advocated the transformation of "social structure" from the level of social psychology by shaping "new personality types".

3〕 (p13,181).And structural functionalism.

The school of thought understands social structure as a network of relationships between people that can be directly observed from specific behaviors, and is a "structure" based on empirical dataPositivism.

Mainly from the "causality."

In their view, the repetition of the natural world and human social phenomena allows the subject to accumulate experience again and again, and in the process of development and change of things, recognize the relationship between cause and effect.

The rational structure of practice includes three kinds, one is the rationality that reflects the law of the object, the other is the rationality that reflects the internal needs of the subject and the evaluative rationality that balances the subjective and objective relations.

The social structure of practice, that is, the internal structure of practice, refers to the social relations between individuals and groups.

The essence of practice: Practice is a social material activity in which human beings actively transform the world. The basic characteristics of practice: Direct reality: Practice is the objective material activity that transforms the world. Conscious agency.

Practice is a conscious human activity. Socio-historical: Practice is a social, historical activity.

The basic structure of practice: The subject of practice: has the ability to think.

Engage in social practice.

and people who recognize activities. Object of practice: The object to which the practice is directed. Practice mediation: tools, means, and procedures to bury Zheng He's methods.

Diversity of Forms of Practice: Material Production Practice, Socio-Political Practice, Science and Cultural Practice.

The essence of practice: Practice is the objective material activity of human beings to actively transform the world.

The basic structure of practice: Practical activity is an objective process in which the subject and the object interact with each other through a certain intermediary for the purpose of transforming the objective world.

The subject, object and intermediary of practice are the three basic elements of practice, and the organic unity of the three constitutes the basic structure of practice.

The subject of practice refers to having a certain subjective ability of Qiao Zhaohe and engaging in real social practice.

people; The object of practice refers to the object to which the practice is directed;

The intermediary of practice refers to the tools and means in the form of various factions, as well as the procedures and methods for using and operating these tools.

Practice is the most basic activity for the survival and development of human beings, the basis for the emergence and development of human understanding, and the basis for the unity of truth and value. The essence of the practice is that it has three basic characteristics: objective reality, conscious initiative, and social history. The basic structure of practice includes the subject of practice, the object of practice, and the intermediary of practice.

The subject of practice refers to a person who has a certain degree of subjective ability and engages in practical activities in real society, and its ability includes natural ability and mental ability, and spiritual ability includes intellectual and non-intellectual factors. The object of practice refers to the object to which the practical activity is directed, which is not completely equivalent to the objectively existing things, and only becomes the actual practical object when it is included in the scope of the subject's practical activity and interacts with the subject. Practical intermediary refers to various forms of tools and means, as well as the procedures and methods for using and operating these tools and means.

The main viewpoints of social construction theory are: knowledge view, learning view, student view, and teaching view.

1. Concept of knowledge: Knowledge is not an accurate representation of reality, but an explanation and a hypothesis. Knowledge does not accurately summarize the laws of the world, and it cannot be used immediately, but needs to be recreated for specific situations.

2. Learning concept: including active constructiveness, social interaction, and situationality.

3. Student view: constructivism.

It completely rejects the tabula rasa of the mind and emphasizes the richness and diversity of the student's experiential world. Constructivists emphasize that students don't walk into the classroom with empty heads.

4. Teaching concept: Today's constructivists have a new interpretation of learning and teaching, emphasizing the dynamic nature of knowledge, and emphasizing the active constructiveness, social interaction and situational nature of learning. Students are the constructors of their own knowledge, and teaching needs to create an ideal learning environment to promote students' self-constructive activities.

In the previous article, we shared the essence of practice and its characteristics, and we know that practice is a kind of perceptual and object-oriented material activity, which means that practice is the objective materiality of human beings who have the ability to actively transform the world. A very important factor is highlighted here: "the subject of practice can only be man". It has "direct reality" and "conscious agency."

socio-historical".

In this article, we will continue to share with you "what are the structures of practice".

We know that the essence of practice is the objective materiality of human beings who can actively transform the world, that is to say, practice has the ability to create, and it has the function of turning what people imagine into reality. If it is creation, who will create? Then there must be a subject in practice.

What to create? This is the object of creation of the subject, which we call the "object". So how do you create it?

He couldn't have done it unilaterally, how did he do it? What methods or tools are used? Methods and tools constitute the mediators of practice.

Therefore, the structure of practice is divided into: subject, object, and intermediary. With these three factors, the practical activities can be carried out.

As mentioned above, "the subject of practice can only be people", can it be understood that "people are the subject of practice"? Not.

The subject of practice can only be people, but not all people can become the subject of practice.

How to understand it? Here we want to focus on what is a subject? The subject refers to having a certain subjective ability to engage in real social practice.

is the factor of autonomy and agency in practical activities. It is responsible for setting the purpose of practice, operating the intermediary of practice, and transforming the object of practice.

When it comes to the subject's abilities, it includes both "natural abilities" and "mental abilities." Among them, mental ability includes intellectual and non-intellectual factors. Among them, the knowledge factor is the primary ability, which includes both the mastery of theoretical knowledge and the mastery of empirical knowledge.

Non-intellectual factors mainly refer to emotional and volitional factors.

There are three basic forms of practice subject: individual subject, group subject and human subject, which is also the classification of subject.

The object of practice refers to the object to which the practice is directed. The object is a thing, but not all things are objects.

The intermediary of practice refers to the various forms of tools, means, and procedures and methods for the use and operation of these tools, means. The mediation of practice can be divided into two systems: one is a material system tool that can be amplified by the human limbs and amplified by the senses and the body.

Second, symbolic tools are needed, and linguistic symbols are the realistic form of subjective thinking activities.

Through the above analysis, we know that the structure of practice is divided into three parts: subject, object, and intermediary. Then the next article will continue to share the relationship between subject and object, so that we can have a deeper understanding of the essence of practical activities.

Analyzing the social structure from a practical point of view, () discusses the social structure.

Social structure is an extremely important theoretical construct for Marx to solve the "mystery of history" and establish historical materialism. The analysis of social structure has always been an important tradition in the development of Western sociological theory. As the famous contemporary American sociologist Jonathan Turner pointed out, "sociology is centered on the concept of 'social junction construction' or 'structure'".

Have a great day! I hope my belt can help you and solve your doubts!

Analyze the social structure from a practical point of view, (+ discusses the movement changes in the social structure, including the social structure.

Hello, it is my pleasure to answer your questions from the point of view of the practice of the analysis of the social structure, (the development of the economy) and the movement of the social structure. Social structure refers to the relatively fixed relationship formed between the elements of society in the process of interaction. The change of social structure can be regarded as the inevitable result of social transformation, that is, the result of structural differentiation in the process of social transformation from traditional to modern, or from traditional society to modern society.

In the process of structural differentiation, structural elements produce new differences in two basic forms: first, the increase of social heterogeneity, that is, the increase in the categories of structural elements (such as location, group, bureaucracy, hierarchy, and organization); The second is the change in the degree of social inequality, that is, the widening gap between the structural elements of the Xiang brothers.