How to determine the market value of a company through an IPO.

The issuance** multiplied by the number of new shares issued is the size of the fundraising. 21.8 billion is roughly calculated by multiplying 68 yuan per share by 100 million shares issued. Market capitalization refers to the total value of all the company's **, including both the newly issued ** and the original shares that were already there.

The sum of the original shares plus the new shares, combined at $68 per share, gives the market capitalization.

Initial public offerings (IPO): refers to the first time that an enterprise or company (shares) will have its shares to the public** (initial public offering, which refers to the issuance method of a joint-stock company's first public offering to the public).

Usually, the shares of a listed company are sold through a broker or market maker in accordance with the terms agreed in the prospectus or registration statement issued by the corresponding **. Generally speaking, once the IPO is completed, the company can apply to be listed on the exchange or system. Before applying for an IPO, a limited liability company should first change to shares****.

Another possible way to obtain a listing on the Exchange or System is to agree in the prospectus or registration statement that private companies are allowed to sell their shares to the public. These shares are considered "freely tradable", which makes the company eligible for listing on the Exchange or System. Most exchanges or systems have hard and fast rules on the minimum number of shareholders that a listed company can have in order to trade freely.

Market capitalization refers to the total value of the issued shares of a listed company calculated by the market, which is calculated by multiplying the market per share by the total number of shares issued. The sum of the market value of all listed companies in the whole market is the total market capitalization.

There are three ways to determine a company's IPO issuance**:

P/E ratio method: It is a method to determine the issuance based on the P/E ratio of the company. Basic Basis Formula: Issue** Net Income per Share Issuance P/E Ratio.

The key to the P/E ratio method is to determine the P/E ratio of the issue based on the average P/E ratio of the secondary market, the industry in which the issuing company is located, the operating conditions of the issuing company itself and its growth.

Price-to-book ratio method: It is a method to determine the issuance of ** based on the price-to-book ratio of the company. Basic formula: issuance** net assets per share issue price-to-book ratio.

The key to the price-to-book ratio method is to determine the price-to-book ratio of the issuance based on the average price-to-book ratio of the secondary market, the industry in which the issuing company is located, the operating conditions of the issuing company and its growth.

Discounted cash flow method: It is a method to determine the issuance of the company by calculating the company's future profitability and the net present value per share of the company. Basic formula: Issue** Net present value per share.

The key to the discounted cash flow method is the net cash flow of the company in the future each year according to the macroeconomic environment in which the issuing company is located, the industry situation and the operating conditions of the issuing company itself.

First, what is the role of **.

1. It can widely mobilize, accumulate and concentrate idle funds in society to serve the development of national economic construction, expand the scale of production and construction, promote economic development, and receive the effect of "using domestic capital without borrowing domestic debts".

2. It can promote the deepening and development of China's economic system reform, especially the in-depth development of the joint-stock reform, which is conducive to straightening out the property rights relationship, so that enterprises can take their positions, perform their duties, use their rights, and get their benefits.

3. We can give full play to the market mechanism, break the segmentation and regional closure, promote the horizontal integration of funds and the horizontal connection of the economy, and improve the overall efficiency of capital and file source allocation.

The market capitalization of a listed company shall be calculated by multiplying the number of all shares issued by the company by the market ** per share that is required by law. The company issues **, usually at par amount, or at a premium, and the total market value is the total value of all **.

1. On the issue of the registered capital of a joint-stock company.

The registered capital of the shares refers to the total paid-in share capital, and the total paid-in share capital refers to the product of the company's par value and the total number of shares. Because ** can be issued at par value, or it can be issued at a premium over par value, but the premium obtained from the issuance of more than par value is not registered as capital, that is, the registered capital does not include the premium part, but is included in the company's capital reserve, so the registered capital of the share **** may be inconsistent with the amount of actual assets.

2. What are the conditions for the listing of a joint-stock company.

The conditions for listing a joint-stock company are as follows:

1. With the approval of the ***** management department, ** has been publicly issued to the public;

2. The total share capital of the company shall not be less than RMB 50 million;

3. If the original state-owned enterprise has been reconstructed in accordance with the law or newly established after the implementation of the Company Law, and its main sponsor is a large or medium-sized state-owned enterprise, it can be calculated continuously;

4. There are no less than 1,000 shareholders holding shares with a par value of more than 1,000 yuan, and the shares issued to the public reach more than 25 of the company's total shares, and the company's total share capital exceeds 400 million yuan, and the proportion of shares issued to the public exceeds 15;

5. In the past three years, the company has no illegal acts of re-sourced Sun Da, and there are no false records in the financial and accounting reports.

6. Other conditions stipulated in ***.

Listed companies refer to their shares listed and traded on the exchange.

3. What is the difference between normal financing and illegal fundraising?

The differences between normal financing and illegal fundraising are as follows:

1. Normal financing is to raise funds for the development of enterprises. If the method is incorrect, it may constitute the crime of unauthorized issuance of **, corporate and corporate bonds;

2. Illegal fundraising is for the purpose of illegal possession, fictitious investment objectives, and fraudulent acquisition of property.

Companies can raise money through equity, and equity financing is legal. However, only listed companies can issue ** to non-specific objects, and non-listed companies are not allowed to issue ** to non-specific objects through slag and public advertising, publicity, etc., otherwise it will constitute the crime of unauthorized issuance of **, company and enterprise bonds.

Article 125 of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China.

The capital of the shares is divided into shares, and the amount of each share is equal. The company's shares take the form of **. ** is a certificate issued by the company certifying the shares held by the shareholder.

Article 127.

**Issue** can be at par or more than par, but not less than par.

Article 144.

The listed company shall be listed and traded in accordance with relevant laws, administrative regulations and exchange trading rules.

Article 145.

Listed companies must, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, disclose their financial status, operating conditions and major litigation, and publish financial and accounting reports once every six months in each fiscal year.

1. Don't be in a hurry to buy **, don't just want to buy the lowest price, this is unrealistic. It is also good to really pull up**You are the high price**, so it is better to buy**miss, not to be at fault, not to buy and sell blindly**, it is best to buy **familiar with the disk**.

2. If you are not familiar with it, you can simulate trading first, be familiar with the nature of stocks, it is best to follow for a day or two, familiar with the operation methods, and you can master the best points.

3. Pay attention to the necessary technical analysis, pay attention to the changes in trading volume and the language of the disk (the situation of the disk buy and sell orders).

4. Try to choose hot spots and appropriate points, so that the stock price can be out of the cost area after the same day.

Three people and: ** is more, the popularity is strong, the stock price rises, and vice versa. At this time, what is needed is personal ability to watch the market, and whether it can find hot spots in time.

This is the key to success or failure. **Operation** to be ruthless, the mentality to be stable, it is best to be correct**after the stock price** out of the cost, but once the judgment is wrong, when it comes to adjustment**, it is necessary to sell the stop loss in time, you can refer to the previous post: win in the stop loss, here will not be repeated.

Fourth, the skills of selling**: **It is impossible to be all the time**, there will be adjustments when it rises to a certain extent, then the **operation will be sold in time, generally speaking, when making money, it is right to sell at any time. Don't want to sell the most, but for the sake of the greatest profit, there are still skills in selling, I will introduce my experience (not necessarily the best):

1. If there has been a certain large increase, and the volume is rapidly rising to the price limit without sealing the limit, you can consider selling, especially if there is a long upper shadow.

If you put a huge amount of stagflation or a long upper shadow line in the minute or daily line, you generally do not continue to increase the volume the next day, and it is easy to form a short-term top, so you can consider selling.

3. You can see the 15 or 30-minute chart of the tick chart, such as 5** cross 10 days ** down, and sell in time when the trend feels weak, this trend is often the beginning of the ** adjustment, which is very valuable for reference.

4. For the wrong purchase, you must stop the loss in time, the higher the better, this is a long-term actual combat practice accumulation process, you have to pay if you see the mistake, there is nothing to wait.

An IPO generally refers to an initial public offering, which refers to the first time a company sells its shares to the public**;

Market capitalization refers to the total value of the issued shares of a listed company calculated by the market, which is calculated by multiplying the market per share by the total number of shares issued. The sum of the market value of all listed companies in the whole market is the total market capitalization.

How to calculate the market value of the dual listing.

Answer 1: 5 9 times of the profit amount (P/E ratio) The reciprocal of the P/E ratio is the return on investment, and this valuation method is also used for non-listed companies. According to the specific situation of the enterprise, it can be magnified to 2 30 times, and common enterprises recommend using the range of 5 9 times. 2. 1 2 times of net assets (price-to-book ratio) The valuation of some bankrupt and liquidated enterprises will be less than 1 times, which may be due to the depreciation of inventory goods.

Five years ago, it cost 3,000 yuan to buy a mobile phone, and now it can be sold for up to 300 yuan if it is not opened, and if it can't be turned on, it will be replaced with a stainless steel basin (worth 3 yuan). 1] 3. About 1 times of sales If you meet a software company and have not yet made a profit, the assets are only those two computers, you can try to use this method. However, the gap between the specific situations is too big, and we must first look at the growth rate, and then look at the sales.

Take a software company as an example, with annual sales of hundreds of thousands of yuan, it can be said that it is not much value, and it can be calculated according to about 1 time; If it reaches 10 million, it will enter a period of rapid growth, and if it is properly operated, it will quickly rise from 10 million to 100 million yuan. But 100 million and then 1 billion, the difficulty will increase significantly. So it's understandable to spend 100 million to buy a 10 million software company; If I spend 1 billion to buy a company with 100 million sales, my feeling is that it is expensive.

Of course, the specific situation still needs to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

Market capitalization is indeed equal to the current price of the share capital, total share capital = circulating + non-tradable, total market capitalization = total share capital * current price, circulating market value = outstanding share capital * current price. The 15,300,000 you said should be the number of shares outstanding.

If you miscalculate, the ** capital refers to the total share capital, not the number of issuances. The number of issues is for the general public, excluding major shareholders and other original shareholders.

Market value = total share capital * current price, and you use the current price of circulating share capital, before the release of restricted shares, the circulating market value is less than the total market value.

There are two kinds of market capitalization of listed companies, one is the total market capitalization. That is: total share capital x share price = total market capitalization.

The other is the circulating market capitalization. That is: number of shares outstanding x stock price = market capitalization of floats.

For the short term, a break below the daily line means a loss of short-term offensive power. As far as new stocks are concerned, once the short-term peak is reached, it is necessary to go out and observe first. Don't participate in the IPO adjustment trend, that's the rule!

300238 total share capital of 61.1 million shares, circulating share capital of 12.3 million shares, total market value of 100 million yuan, rounded is 100 million yuan, accurate.

The circulating market value is 100 million yuan.

The total number of issuances you mentioned refers to the share capital of the company's IPO listing, which is also divided into offline placement and online placement, with online placement accounting for 80% and has been listed and circulated; Offline issuances generally have a 3-month lock-up period. After the lock-up period, it can be listed and circulated, and the circulating share capital will be 15300000 at that time.

What is the market value of listed companies in previous years?

Market value is the market value, which can also be said to be the total value calculated by the market, which includes the issuance and trading of the market.

The market is determined by the market. The face value and market value of ** are often inconsistent. It can be higher or lower than the face value, but the first issue is generally not lower than the face value.

It mainly depends on the expected dividend, the level of the bank's interest rate, and the supply and demand of the market. The market is a volatile market, and the market is constantly volatile.

**Market transactions** mainly include: opening price, closing price, most**, lowest price. The closing price is the most important and is the fundamental data used to study and analyze the market and suppress the market.