An overview of moonquakes, what is the value of moonquake research?

IgG also has another important type of receptor: FCRN (neonatal FC receptor), which can bind to the FC part of IgG to prevent IgG molecules from being cleaved by lysosomes, which can play a role in increasing the half-life of IgG in vivo. This effect can be applied in the design of antibody drugs.

FCRN is an IgG antibody receptor located on the surface of the cell membrane, its protein structure is similar to that of MHC-I molecules, and is widely expressed in epithelial cells, endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells (such as mononuclear macrophages) in many tissues in the body. Studies have shown that the binding sites of FCRN to IgG and serum albumin are not the same, so FCRN binding to IgG is not affected by serum proteins....

Although the Moon's internal energy is nearly depleted and appears to be a near-frozen celestial body, there is still slight stress activity due to the gravitational pull of celestial bodies and meteorite impacts, so faint moonquakes often occur. In July 1969, the astronauts of the Apollo 11 spacecraft landed on the moon and set up an instrument to detect moonquakes in the southwest corner of the moon's still sea. Since then, several Apollo spacecraft that have landed on the moon have successively placed lunar seismographs in the southeast of the Storm Ocean, in the Flamoro region, in the Hadley Gorge in the Apennine Mountains, in the Cartesian Heights, and in the Taurus Litrow Canyon in the southeast of Chenghai.

Six moonseismometers on the lunar surface form a network to detect moonquakes, which can record the time, location, intensity and depth of the hypocenter of the moonquake. By the time of 1977, more than 10,000 moonquakes had been detected by moonseismometers on the moon. Seismometers record 600-3,000 monthly earthquakes every year, and most of them have a small magnitude, about less than 2 magnitudes.

Between 1972 and 1977, 28 moonquakes were recorded within 30 kilometers of the moon's surface. It is worth noting that these moonquakes are not only strong enough to shake everyday homes, but also make the hard rock layers on the moon continue to shake for several minutes, which is much longer than the soft rock layers of the earth at the time. The exact cause of the moonquake is unknown, but some believe it was caused by a landslide in a moon pit.

Whatever the cause is, there is some reference value in the future for building buildings on the moon that can withstand the test of frequent moonquakes.

One of the questions people care about the Moon is what is the internal structure of the MoonIs it the same as the earth? And the best way to understand the inner structure of the Moon is to study lunar seismic waves.

Someone once used an analogy that ** waves are like a lamp that illuminates the internal structure of the earth, which is why scientists are eager to install seismometers on the moon.

There is no water and no air on the moon, it is a very quiet place, it is not as interesting as the myth says, seismometers record 600 3000 moonquakes a year, most of them are very small, about less than 2 magnitude. This brings one to the idea that the surface of the moon, while calm, is still very active inside. Seismometers can also record the moonseismic waves caused by meteorite impacts on the moon.

In order to study the internal structure of the moon, scientists who landed on the moon also created artificial moonquakes on the moon to calculate the wave speed of lunar seismic waves. According to the study of lunar seismic waves, it was found that the vast majority of the moon is solid, and it is also roughly divided into three layers, the outer shell, the middle layer and the lunar core. The lunar core is softer than solid, but it may not be liquid yet.

The analysis of moonquakes shows that the thickness of the lunar crust on the Earth's side is 60 65 km. There are 12 mass concentration areas (referred to as plastinomas) in the lunar mantle, most of which are in the lunar sea**, which are caused by the dense meteorites that hit the moon and are not melted by the lunar mantle. The lunar crust facing away from the Earth is thicker, up to 150 kilometers, and slightly less dense.

The energy of a deep moonquake** is exactly the energy released by the tidal force of the Earth, which causes a slight change in the position of the nodules, and then returns to its original position after the moonquake, causing the Moon to move away from the Earth by 5 centimeters per year.

It can be seen from the moonquake map that the moonquake is very different from the moon, a small ** can make the distant ** instrument last for 1 minute, and on the moon to last 1 hour, after the amplitude increases rapidly, the attenuation is very slow, this interesting phenomenon scientists believe may be related to the lack of water on the moon and the fracture nature of the rock. Moonquakes occur much less frequently, about 1,000 per year, while the average number of moonquakes per year is several million. The intensity of the moonquake is not as large as **, and the energy released by the moonquake is much less than **, and the maximum moonquake magnitude is only equivalent to 1 2 magnitude of **.

The depth of the epicenter of a moonquake is 700 1000 km below the surface of the moon, which is a deep source earthquake. The depth of the epicenter is only a few tens of kilometers to 300 kilometers, which is a shallow source earthquake or a medium source earthquake. The moonshock wave has to be reflected back many times in the interior of the moon and lasts for nearly 1 hour, while the duration of this small ** wave on the earth does not exceed 1 minute.

The ** that occurs on the moonsail-shaped orb is called a moonquake. In 1969, American scientists set foot on the moon for the first time on the Apollo spacecraft, and set up five ** instruments on the moon, which can continuously send back moonquake record data to the earth, and since then the human state has begun to observe and study moonquakes. Lease.

Scientists believe through long-term research that the tidal force of the sun and the earth is the main cause of moonquakes, in addition, small celestial bodies in the solar system (such as meteorites, comet fragments) hit the moon, can also induce large moonquakes, such as July 17, 1972 at 21:50:50 seconds, near the far side of the moon near the Moscow Sea, a huge meteorite weighing about 1 ton hit the moon, producing a magnitude 4 moonquake. There is another type of moonquake of unknown origin, which recurs every few hours for a few days. The scarcity of moonquakes means that the interior of the Moon is solid, and its inner center is cooler.

It can be seen from the moonquake map that the moonquake is very different from the moon, a small ** can make the distant ** instrument last for a minute, and on the moon to last for an hour, after the amplitude increases rapidly, the attenuation is very slow, this interesting phenomenon scientists believe may be related to the lack of water on the moon and the fracture nature of the rocks.

Moonquakes occur much less frequently, about 1,000 per year. The energy released by the moonquake is also much less than **, and the maximum moonquake magnitude is only equivalent to the magnitude 2 and 3 of **. The depth of the epicenter of a moonquake can reach 700 kilometers below the surface of the moon to 1000 kilometers, and the radius of the moon is only more than 1700 kilometers; The depth of the epicenter is only a few kilometers to about 670 kilometers, which is less than one-tenth of the radius of the earth.

The duration of the shallow moonquake is about an hour, the duration of the deep moonquake is generally smaller than that of the shallow moonquake, and the duration of the moonquake is relatively short, and the moonquake wave excited by a meteorite impact can last for 3 hours, or even longer. And the duration of this small wave on the earth does not exceed 10 minutes in the interior of the earth. It can be seen that the absorption capacity of the moon is much weaker than that of the earth, and the ** wave decays rapidly with the propagation and refraction, reflection and diffraction energy in the sensitive search earth, while the loss of the moonshock wave energy is very slow in the propagation process.

The best way to understand the internal structure of the moon is to study the seismic waves, some people have played an analogy, saying that the ** wave is like a lamp to illuminate the internal structure of the earth, which is why scientists are in a hurry to install seismometers on the moon. There is no water on the moon, there is no air, it is a very quiet place, it is not as interesting as the myth, seismometers will record 600-3000 moonquakes every year, most of them are very small, about less than 2 magnitude, which makes people think that although the surface of the moon is calm, the interior is still very active. Seismometers can also record the lunar seismic waves generated by meteorite impacts on the moon, and in order to study the internal structure of the moon, the scientists who landed on the moon also created artificial lunar earthquakes on the moon to calculate the wave speed of the lunar seismic waves.

According to the study of lunar seismic waves, it was found that the vast majority of the moon is solid, and it is also roughly divided into three layers, the outer shell, the middle layer and the lunar core, which is softer than the solid but may not be liquid yet.