What is the meaning of inventory, and what does inventory mean to production operation management? T

Inventory refers to all temporarily idle resources with economic value for future purposes, and the main reasons for it are: the uncertainty of raw materials; uncertainty of demand; economic requirements; Organize the needs of manufacturing, kitting, and assembly.

The significance of inventory to production and operation management:1Maintain a balance in the production process and prevent uncertainty in the market for raw materials** and product sales.

2.Under the condition of satisfying the user's ordering requirements, the economical production batch of the batch production type is realized. 3.

Achieve economical ordering batches with minimal ordering and storage costs for businesses. 3.Respond to the increase in raw material prices through inventory.

Inventory is the goods that are actually stored in the warehouse. It can be divided into two categories: one is the production inventory, that is, the inventory of grass-roots enterprises and institutions that directly consume materials, which is stored in order to ensure that the materials consumed by enterprises and institutions can be stored uninterruptedly; The first type is the circulation inventory, that is, the finished product inventory of the production enterprise, the inventory of the production department and the inventory of the material department at all levels.

In addition, there are special forms of national reserve materials, which are mainly to ensure that the materials are sold to grass-roots enterprises and institutions in a timely and complete manner.

There is an encyclopedia, and you should learn to find information on your own.

The book is full of do-it-yourself.

You are Shaanxi Normal University, homework management.

Answer]: B This question examines the concept of enterprise inventory management and the significance of transportation and marketing.

The significance of enterprise inventory management includes two aspects: (1) it is conducive to capital turnover; (2) It is not only conducive to transportation management, but also conducive to effective warehouse management. It can be seen that the content of the ACD option in this question is correct, and the statement of option B is wrong.

More inventory, it means that the manufacturer will not be out of stock, in the original price of goods ** or when the supply exceeds demand is very advantageous, but in the normal sales stage, too much inventory means that the accumulation, means the accumulation of funds, can not be fully circulated, to create better benefits for the enterprise.

The basic purpose of inventory control is to reduce inventory as much as possible on the premise of ensuring timely delivery, so as to support the largest possible shipment with the least inventory capital. In practice, the process of inventory control is a process of managing the demand and supply chain, and it is also a process of optimizing the ERP, organizational structure and process of an enterprise from time to time.

The purpose of inventory control is to prevent and digest material shortages as much as possible, especially the shortage of materials without a plan, and finally achieve the purpose of inventory reduction and timely shipment after optimization and balanced inventory structure.

1. Seek effective use of capital. If there is a long-term backlog of excess materials, it is the most troublesome thing for the normal operation of funds. It is necessary to prevent the rigidity of funds, and only by carrying out a virtuous cycle of funds can profits be generated.

2. Keep the minimum inventory to ensure that the sales flow can be carried out smoothly, so that the amount of inventory products can reach the minimum level of not insufficient inventory, and avoid backlog of funds.

3. Grasp the inventory status as soon as possible, so as to deal with the excess inventory and inventory shortage in time.

4. Save inventory costs. Keeping inventory in place can save you money on inventory. Inventory fees require about 24 to 25 percent of total inventory per year. The increase in part of the amount has put great pressure on the operation of funds and worsened the operating efficiency.

5. For the economic benefits of the enterprise. Inventory storage will accumulate funds, and insufficient inventory will also cause a waste of funds, and only proper inventory preservation can obtain effective operations.

6. Promote production to prevent insufficient inventory. The purpose of inventory is to cooperate with production to reduce the shortage rate of materials, as a guarantee of materials during the production period, and to promote production.

7. Improve the efficiency of material handling. In order to make the material handle reasonably, it is necessary to emphasize the concept of time, improve the handling and inventory, and make it a perfect combination in order to receive the effect.

8. In order to shorten the material cycle. If the time from the order to the material entering the factory is shortened, that is, the order delivery time of the material is shortened, the amount of reserve inventory prepared for the ** cycle can be reduced.

9. In order to effectively use the factory area and warehouse area. In a limited site factory, placing excess materials or stacking them sporadically causes congestion. In order to make effective use of the area, three-dimensional storage should be used to improve the storage efficiency.

The main function of inventory management is to record inventory details such as inbound, outbound, and inventory. Help users clearly and uniformly manage every outbound, warehousing and inventory of inventory, and improve the efficiency of inventory management.

Inventory management is of great significance to every enterprise, and any enterprise must hold a certain amount of inventory to maintain normal production or business activities when producing or selling. As far as a business is concerned, inventory can serve the following purposes:

1) Maintain the stability of enterprise production. In the production line of the enterprise, each process is relatively independent, and even the time required for similar production and processing processes is likely to be different. Only by maintaining an appropriate amount of inventory at each node station on the assembly line can the stations with short operation time and the stations with longer operation time be connected and balanced, which effectively reduces the frequency of production adjustment of the enterprise and brings production flexibility to the enterprise, thereby also helping to achieve the stability of output and improve the utilization rate of machinery and equipment.

2) Balance the contradiction between demand and production. There is a contradiction between the internal production of enterprises and the uncertain equilibrium of external market demand. If an enterprise only produces according to the demand for orders, then there will be a large amount of idle production capacity at a certain time, and at a certain time, there will be a sharp increase in labor demand.

If you want to meet the needs of customers, but also want to maintain a balanced rate of production of products, you must hold an appropriate amount of inventory, although the production of a certain product at a certain production rate for a long period of time will cause a large inventory backlog in the off-season of product demand, but the total cost of doing so is relatively low for the enterprise.

3) Economies of scale. If the enterprise only purchases according to customer needs or production needs, it is not necessary to have inventory, but under normal circumstances, there are usually order costs, and the cost of signing a purchase order between the enterprise and the first business generally includes: communication costs, travel expenses of employees, etc., which is not necessarily economical for enterprises at this time.

In the market, if the enterprise buys a single piece relatively speaking, it needs to pay more price, and if the purchase is carried out in the form of bulk procurement, each time the order quantity is increased and the number of orders is reduced, the order cost is greatly reduced on each purchased item, therefore, the inventory has the effect of apportioning the order cost to enable the enterprise to obtain benefits from economies of scale. In addition, due to the increase in the number of goods transported at a time, the transportation cost per unit of cargo is becoming less and less.

In fact, if the cost is controlled, it is strictly in and out, the goods are traceable, and each entry is finally implemented.

1.the reasonableness of the storage capacity;

2.planning and division of warehouses (for quick finding);

3.first-in-first-out principle (convenient for delivery);

4.Rapid processing of unsalable goods (otherwise it occupies storage capacity);

5.Periodic inventory (receipts and shipments are retained with documents, and the accounts are consistent);

Of course, another point is quite important, that is, safety management, pay attention to fire and anti-theft measures.

In fact, inventory management or warehouse management, the fundamental purpose of warehouse management is to control the two points of "in" and "out", so that the inflow and output are equal to the greatest extent. Most of the things that go into inventory management are derived from this. The above "July River" has listed the main points of the reservoir management.

But I would also like to emphasize that there is "inventory". He must have a benchmark, a benchmark for the minimum amount of inventory if the capacity allows. One of the most important principles of Toyota's TPS production method is "zero" inventory.

In reality, it is very difficult, or impossible, to achieve zero inventory. However, Toyota's in-store storage is generally only 4 hours. It can be seen how strict the TPS requirements are for low inventory and inventory.

Inventory is garbage, the devil who eats money. It occupies capital (materials, corresponding containers, etc.), increases the difficulty and cost of management (first-in, first-out management of products, inventory, etc.), occupies limited production space, and also increases opportunity costs. A large amount of capital of the enterprise will be taken up, and the circulation cycle of funds will be greatly extended.

So, inventory is waste.