Does light have mass? The gravitational problem of black holes.

All substances have mass. When we talk about light, light is actually composed of many photons, and the photons themselves are very small particles. Ever heard of light pressure? Without mass, there is no light pressure, right?

Black holes are not yet fully understood by modern science, but I think black holes are made up of extremely dense matter, and they have a magnetic field so strong that even photons moving at the speed of light can be sucked into it.

I don't agree with the fact that the speed of light can't be surpassed, have you heard of the universe? It is said that in a few hundred millionths of a second, the universe has become the current universe from a point **, hundreds of billions of a second (I forgot the specific data, you can refer to the universe **, there are there), which is much faster than the speed of light. How big is the universe?

To put it simply, how many light-years is our Sun to its nearest star? So there must be faster-than-light existence.

I'm not engaged in space research, so please correct me if there is anything wrong. Thank you!

There's magnetic energy in a black hole, and that's the most powerful thing, no matter what, as long as you enter the range, you can eat whatever you see, but here's a problem, the two sides of the black hole are at the same pole, the central magnetism is the strongest, and it's spinning, and for the stars that are at the same pole as the black hole, they won't be eaten, but instead, they'll be slowly attracted and eaten.

Light has mass, just small. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that even light can't escape.

If you don't believe it, forget it. In short, the theory of relativity is by far the most experimentally consistent theory. If it can exceed the speed of light, the theory of relativity is wrong. That is to say, no natural phenomenon, or anything that man has been able to do so far, must be explained by the speed of light.

As for the logic of this question, it seems that you want to find fault with the theory of relativity. Why do I say that? Whether there is mass or not is the theory of relativity, and black holes are also things that can only be described by the theory of relativity.

If you think there's something wrong with this, you can die because the theory of relativity is self-consistent.

What does the theory of relativity say about this? Light is not without mass, it is without rest mass. Gravity, on the other hand, has the same effect on all things that have mass (the generalized covariance principle), not on static mass.

In any case, it is unreasonable to consider the gravitational force that only affects the static mass, and the simplest example is to consider a system of two photons moving in the opposite direction, although a single photon has no static mass, but a system of two photons has a static mass.

The rest mass of light is 0, which indicates that the light will never be still. Light has energy, and according to the mass-energy relation e=mc2, we can know what the mass corresponding to this part of energy is. All energy has mass. That is, any energy has inertia.

An object that already has mass will change its mass as its velocity increases, and when it approaches the speed of light, the mass tends to infinity, and according to f=ma, where does the infinite force accelerate it? The speed of light is unsurpassable.

Light has no mass when it is at rest, but it has a moving mass, so the motion of light cannot be stationary, and the energy will only be transferred when light interacts with other matter.

Light and attraction pose a great danger to the known universe, and also seriously affect the perception of space. However, the interplay of the two can be confusing. Everyone has heard that nothing else can escape the gravitational constraints of a black hole, and that a super black hole is like a cosmic space vacuum cleaner that can drain all the planets and other things that have mass.

On the other hand, it is composed only of massless light quanta, which is the fastest fitness object in the universe, moving at a speed of 3 billion kilometers per second.

The Movement of Light: One of the most important discoveries of Einstein's quantum theory in the 20th century, and one of the key fundamentals of Einstein's quantum theory, is that light moves at the "speed of light" - about 3 billion kilometers and seconds. The speed of light is a constant quantity, which means that light cannot move faster or slower in a vacuum.

And no matter how fast the observer moves, or how fast the light source moves, each observer will accurately measure the propagation speed of the light to be consistent, which is called the principle of invariance of the speed of light.

With this in mind, Newton created the general theory of relativity, and eventually gave rise to the general theory of relativity, a theory of gravity that is different from Newton's fundamental law of universal gravitation. Newton made it clear that mass objects in the universe have the ability to distort space-time, rather than the influence between two objects with mass, as Copernicus believed. For example, throwing a ball forward, and then falling into the pavement, Newton did not think of this as a "tensile force" of the force.

He believes that the time bent around the earth of great quality makes the ball follow the curved time.

Although light quanta do not have a resting mass, their motion is also affected by the curvature of space-time. When light passes through the periphery of a super-black hole, it is not accelerated by a super-black hole, because it is only for objects with mass, and because the speed of light propagation is constant. However, due to the geometry of time, the frequency of light has changed, which seriously affects the color of light that we can observe.

This is known as the attraction redshift or blueshift effect, and the spectrometer either favors dark blue (shorter wavelengths of light) or bright red (longer wavelengths of light).

Even if a superblack hole has such a strong attraction that even light can't break free, and light can't change its rate, so it's actually "manipulated" or "captured" by a super black hole? The theory of general relativity holds that all massive objects distort the time around them. Because the light quantum has always followed the least path of fitness, when it passes through the distorted space-time around a very large object, the light will follow the curved time fitness.

Therefore, it is not easy to bend the light source immediately, and the situation of fitness exercise just by bending time and space seems to be affected by attraction. At the center of the superblack hole is the singularity, where all the qualities of the superblack hole are concentrated, causing time around the singularity to be extremely bent, so that light cannot escape the curved space-time of the superblack hole.

Although the photon has no mass, it carries energy, which is also affected by the gravitational pull of the black hole; The photon will be affected by the black hole, causing its path to be deflected, and then completely attracted to the black hole.

No, it's like putting a small ball on a rubber plate that creates a depression in the rubber plate, and this depression causes the other balls on the rubber plate to fall into the depression. And the closer you get to the center, the harder it is to escape. The same goes for black holes.

Black holes distort space-time. This distorted space-time "dictates" how photons should move, which forms the gravitational pull of the black hole we see on photons.

Because the essence of black holes is the distortion of space-time, all matter is attracted to black holes.

This involves the distortion of space-time. It takes a speed greater than the speed of light to escape a black hole, but apparently photons can't reach that speed.

This needs to be understood from two perspectives.

One is quantum mechanics. French physicist de Broglie put forward the theory that all matter has wave-particle duality, and then several scientists such as German physicist Planck established the theory of quantum physics, in terms of photons (the particle properties of light), photons must have mass. But the mass of the photon is different from the mass of the physical substance.

Light has no rest mass, only kinetic mass, and this is because photons have energy, and if there is energy, there will be momentum, and there must be mass. But once the photon is at rest, its mass disappears. Thus, Newtonian mechanics can be used to explain that black holes are able to attract light.

The second is the general theory of relativity. Mass can bend and deform space, and black holes have mass, so they can also deform nearby space. And because of the extremely small radius of the black hole (as small as a single point), the space around it is bent to the extreme, so that the space closes itself.

No substance, including light, can never be separated once it enters this enclosed space. In this sense, it is not the black hole that attracts light, but the light that still travels in a short-range line in this curved space.

In the figure below, Figure 1 is a Newtonian interpretation of a black hole; Figure 2 is the Einstein interpretation of a black hole. The rays in the two images can be matched one-to-one.

Do photons have mass? Why is it attracted to black holes? First of all, light is an electromagnetic wave and a carrier of energy, which is embodied in photons (light quantum), the propagation of energy is not continuous, but divided, and the photon is the smallest unit of energy propagation!

To put it bluntly, light is a kind of energy! So if it's energy, why is it still attracted by the gravitational pull of a black hole? It is not rigorous to say that "light has no mass", to be precise it is said that "light has no static mass", but it has moving mass, because light is never stationary, it is born to fly at the speed of light!

At the same time, the mass-energy equation in Einstein's theory of relativity tells us that energy and mass are essentially the same thing, to put it bluntly, they are two sides of the same thing, just like we look at different things, from different angles, and come to different conclusions, but we still see the same thing! To put it bluntly, energy is mass, and mass can also be thought of as energy! At the same time, Einstein's general theory of relativity tells us that the essence of gravity is actually the curvature of space-time, in fact, gravity does not exist, the object is just moving along the curved geodesic, which is the manifestation of gravity, which shows that gravity is the appearance of space-time curvature!

And everything must move along the structure of time and space, and light is no exception! Since black holes can stretch the structure of space-time to the extreme, light certainly can't escape the gravitational pull of black holes! Mathematically speaking, a black hole's second cosmic velocity exceeds the speed of light, so light can't escape a black hole!

On the question of the nature of energy and mass, one more thing, the space we are in is the most basic quantum composition, that is, the quantum space, when the quantum space is disturbed, it will produce energy to propagate in space, which is manifested by light, and the matter formed by the closed system composed of high-energy particles can also be understood as the mass of the object! Therefore, the aggregation of energy forms matter, and the discretization of matter forms energy, and energy and mass (matter) are opposites and unity, which is the two sides of a thing!

A photon at rest has no mass, but once a photon appears, it keeps flying forward, so a photon at rest does not exist. When a photon moves, it has energy and momentum, so there must be mass in the universe, and having mass means that the photon will be affected by gravity, so it is not surprising that it is attracted to a black hole.

Photons have no mass because black holes are attractive and can distort space-time so that photons are sucked in as space-time is distorted.

Photons do not have mass. Because the gravitational pull of a black hole is particularly strong, it is attracted to the black hole.

This is because the gravitational pull of a black hole is relatively large, and the energy demand is also relatively large, plus the electromagnetic wave itself has a large amount of energy, and it will be attracted if you can't see it.

Because some massive stars distort the space around them, the direction of light propagation changes.

Although photons have no mass, photons belong to the nature of electromagnetic fields, and black holes can distort space-time and change the material motion of electron magnetic fields because of their extremely strong gravitational effect, and they can attract photons to black holes.