During the Warring States period, what kind of people did Shi refer to?

Scholars are the most basic nobles in feudal society, and they are also the most advanced people. There were knights in Europe, samurai in Japan, and the noble class represented by intellectuals in China.

A specific social class with a certain status in ancient Chinese society later evolved into a general term for intellectuals. Originally, it may have referred to the samurai who were of the same clan as the clan chiefs and dignitaries at the end of primitive society, and when they entered the class society, they became part of the ruling class. Because in ancient times, only the children of nobles above the rank of scholar had cultural knowledge, so the scholar became the title of a person with certain knowledge and skills.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the role of foot soldiers increased, the role of chariot warfare and samurai decreased, and the status of warriors also rose or fell. In order to expand their influence and consolidate their position, some doctors tried to attract the masses of scholars to make a statement, and many scholars took refuge in them. There are also some scholars who go to funerals, pay tributes, or run businesses in order to solve their financial difficulties; There are also people who give private lectures and impart cultural knowledge, and since then there have been a number of scholars who specialize in cultural activities in Chinese history.

They traveled to various countries, were active in their thinking, and made great contributions to the emergence of a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended in the field of ancient Chinese scholarship and to the development of culture and science. During the Warring States Period, the struggle for hegemony and annexation wars became more intense, so the lobbyists of the Qin and Twilight Chu came into being. They travel from country to country and act as lobbyists, represented by the Zonghengjia.

At this time, the practice of raising scholars of feudal lords and magnates in various countries was also prevalent. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the connotation of Shi underwent further changes. Shi, when called a scholar, can refer to a soldier in the army, and is often a general name for officials who serve in the ** regime and states, counties and counties; When called scholars, it generally refers to intellectuals who have a high level of feudal cultural literacy and are engaged in spiritual and cultural activities.

In the Han Dynasty, scholars attached great importance to the name of the scholar (that is, personality fame, character and integrity, and intellectual ability), once they became a celebrity, the utilitarian official position would follow one after another, so the scholar or the righteous heart, self-cultivation, Qi family, governing the country, leveling the world, abide by the feudal program and the famous religion; Or flashy socializing, making friends, boasting to each other, and selling fame. In the later period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, among the scholars, the style of discussing the topic of the character was extremely popular. This kind of human object belongs to the folk scope.

During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Jiupin Zhongzheng system was established, and the rights of the critics were returned. All those who are evaluated by the middle ** are given different grades (township products) according to their virtue and ability, family control, and then awarded various official positions. Those who have not been evaluated are not allowed to be officials.

As a result, scholars took on the meaning of a certain class. Shishu is opposed, and the clues are gradually emerging. All officials above the ninth grade and those who have obtained the first rank are all scholars, otherwise they are concubines.

Among the scholars, there is a family that has been able to enter the Qing Dynasty and live in the official position for generations by virtue of his father's ancestors, which is a scholar family. The scholars reached their peak in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and began to decline in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, the scholars gradually withdrew from the historical stage, but the concept of scholars as a specific class still remained.

After the Song Dynasty, the term scholar or scholar gradually became a general term for ordinary scholars, and no longer specifically referred to officials.

The gentry were the last class of the nobility, the class that helped the princes manage the land and the people, and was also regarded as the ruling class, which later developed into peasants and small landowners.

A few of my favorites.

Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Shang Ying, Han Feizi: These are.

Soldiers or something! Some of the right pawns.

Just like today's scholars, or secretaries can do it

Thinking about Zhang Yi Xiao Su, they are all pulling

There is no graduation bus on the 2nd floor junior high school.

Soldier? Funny.

During the Warring States Period, "shi" was a very special social class of He Chanpai, usually referring to those who had received a certain cultural education and had a certain social status and wealth. These people are often considered to have a high social status and prestige and play an important role in society. They are usually divided into different categories, such as Bachelor of Arts, Samurai, Debater, etc., which can be divided according to their expertise and skills.

During the Warring States period, scholars were usually valued and valued by the monarch because they usually had a high level of culture and intelligence and were able to provide important help and advice to the monarch. At the same time, scholars usually have a certain sense of social responsibility and mission, and believe that they should make certain contributions to society. They often played important roles in politics, culture, philosophy, and other fields, and became important influential figures in Chinese history.

In the state of peace and stability of the Zhou Dynasty for a long time, the number of noble children increased exponentially, and gradually formed a special interest group, that is, scholars, according to the Zhou Dynasty's primogeniture inheritance system and sub-feudal system, the concubines who could not become the king of Zhou were divided into various places to become princes, and the princes passed the position to the eldest son, and the rest of the children were divided into Qing doctors, and the Qing doctors passed their fiefs to the eldest sons, and the rest of the children were scholars, and the scholars were the lowest layer of the sub-feudal system, and many did not get the land and property rewards and became cloth clothes. Although they have aristocratic blood, they are often destitute. For example, Confucius was a descendant of the Song nobleman Confucius Fujia.

The special status of the scholars gives them the opportunity to receive cultural education, and to be familiar with many state affairs such as the country's sacrificial ceremonies and the construction of the armed forces, and have the opportunity to participate in national affairs. Therefore, Zeng Zi said: Scholars can't not Hongyi, the responsibility is heavy and the road is long, benevolence is their own responsibility, not also heavy, after death, not far away?

Scholars include counselors, debaters, warriors, warriors, scholars, celebrities, and men of the world.