How to diagnose and control cystic larvae of honey bees?

1. Symptoms of cystic larval disease.

The cystic larval virus mainly infects 2 3-day old larvae, the incubation period is 5 6 days, the larvae will die before and after the cap, it is rare to see the phenomenon of death after turning into a pupa, the body of the insect will lose its luster, become pale, the head leaves the nest wall, slightly upturned, the shape is dragon boat shape, after picking it out with tweezers, you will see a small transparent water bladder at the end, and the color of the insect will gradually change from pale white to light brown, black-brown, the insect corpse will not rot, but shriveled and odorless, non-sticky, easy to be removed from the nest. As the dead insects are constantly removed and the queen bee lays eggs again, the diseased colony will have a "flower seed phenomenon". There are two types of disease in bees:

One is the onset of the large **spleen, which is ferocious and can easily cause the whole group to be wiped out, which is called the acute type; The other is that the number of diseased larvae is small, the disease and insect can be seen intermittently, and the population gradually declines, which is called the chronic type.

2. Diagnostic methods for cystic larval disease.

If there is a large hole in the nest, the larvae in the room are pointed and upturned, and a vesicular sac can be seen on the tail after picking it out with tweezers, and there is no odor, the diagnosis of cystic larval disease can be made. This disease often appears at the same time as European larval disease, which generally has a sour smell, so it is important to distinguish it from the symptoms of European larval disease in order to confirm the diagnosis.

3. Prevention and control methods of cystic larval disease.

Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to strictly disinfect bee colonies, strengthen the management of bee colony breeding and drug control.

1. In strengthening the management of feeding, we should try to breed disease-resistant queen bees. Every spring, select disease-resistant bee colonies from disease-stricken apiaries to breed queens and replace the queens of other diseased colonies, so that the resistance of bee colonies to this disease can be greatly improved after several generations of breeding. This measure can also be carried out when changing the king and the child before applying the drug to the disease.

2. In the case of low temperature and rain in early spring, the bee colony should be appropriately merged or the excess spleen should be withdrawn, so that the bees have excess spleen, and the nest door should be narrowed to improve the nest temperature and the nest clearing ability of the colony.

3. Cut off the nest to cut off the cycle of infection and reduce the source of infection. For the diseased bee colony, the method of changing the queen or claustrophobic queen bee should be appropriately adopted to artificially cause the colony to break off the offspring period, so as to facilitate the worker bees to clean the nest and reduce the chance of larval cross-infection. In combination with drugs**, the two-pronged effect is even better.

4. Drugs are an auxiliary link in the prevention and control of cystic larva disease. According to years of experience in bee colony control, Chinese herbal medicine, which mainly has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, is the best choice for this disease. For example:

Use 40 grams of dried medicine of half lotus or 10 grams of Huaqian golden vine, add an appropriate amount of water, filter after decoction, prepare 1000 ml of drug syrup, add 10 tablets of multivitamins, mix evenly and feed 10 boxes of bees, feed 1 time every 1 day, and feed 4 5 times in a row for a course of treatment.

Every morning, when the bees start their collection activities, they can be seen dragging the corpses of diseases and insects from the nest and scattering them on the ground in front of the nest, which is suspected to be a disease of the bee colony. Open the beehive, raise the spleen, you can see that there are "flower arrangements" on the spleen, the cover is perforated, there are pointed dead larvae in the room, white and odorless, easy to drag out of the nest, and the end of the insect with a small sac filled with water, can be preliminarily diagnosed as cystic larval disease. In addition, the diseased larvae can also be sent to the relevant departments for electron microscopy observation and serological diagnosis.

The causative agent of cystic larva disease is mainly cystic larval virus, which can survive for 3 months in a dry environment at room temperature, 4 6 hours in a sunny and dry environment, and 1 month in bees at room temperature in summer.

At present, there is no particularly good way, you can use some traditional Chinese medicine tide to alleviate, under normal circumstances, there will be some dead larvae, and the head is upturned.

It can be judged by the specific growth situation, the specific color, the specific development situation, pay attention to the surrounding temperature, and use the drug reasonably.

Bee colony management: pest and disease control, cystic larval disease (rot) ** methods and methods.

Prevention and control methods: strengthen feeding management.

First, in early spring and late autumn, when the outside temperature is low, attention should be paid to the heat preservation of the Chinese bee colony. Adjust the spleen relationship of Chinese honey bees in Chinese honey bee colonies, so that the number of Chinese honey bees is slightly more than the nest spleen or maintain the spleen of Chinese honey bees.

Second, when the feed in the Chinese bee colony is insufficient, nutrients, pollen, vitamins, etc. should be supplemented in time to ensure the normal life needs of the Chinese honey bee colony and enhance the resistance of the Chinese honey bee to diseases.

Thirdly, nest removal is an effective measure to control the development of the disease. The queen bee in the sick group was fastened with a cage and temporarily cut off. The dead larvae on the nest spleen are removed by the Chinese bees, reducing the accumulation of pathogens, breaking the chain of infection, and alleviating the disease.

Fourth, the Chinese honeycomb can be washed and disinfected with 1 2 sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the empty spleen can be soaked and disinfected with 4 formaldehyde solution for 24 hours, and the pollen spleen can be disinfected with glacial acetic acid vapor closed fumigation.

Breeding disease-resistant varieties.

The disease-resistant Chinese bee colonies were selected from the disease-stricken Chinese bee farms, the Chinese honey queen bees were cultivated, and the male Chinese honey bees in the sick colonies were eliminated. The cultivated Chinese queen bee is used to replace the Chinese queen bee in the disease group, so that after several generations of selective breeding, the incidence of cystic larval disease in Chinese honey bee can be reduced.

Pharmacological prevention. For diseased Chinese bee colonies, the following drugs can be used to prevent and treat them:

First, 50 grams of half-branched lotus (also known as narrow-leaved Hanxin grass).

Second, 50 grams of guanzhong, 50 grams of honeysuckle, and 25 grams of licorice.

Put the medicine into the container and add an appropriate amount of water, generally it is advisable to submerge the medicine, after decoction, filter, take the filtrate, add sugar according to the ratio of l:l, prepare the liquid syrup to feed the Chinese bees, each of the above doses can be fed 10 15 frames of Chinese bees.

Thirdly, antiviral 862 is a mixture of antiviral drug amantadine and Chinese herbal medicine, and the effect of Chinese honey bee cystic larval disease can reach more than 80, and it has the same effect on Chinese honey bee cystic larval disease. The test proved that the control effect of antiviral 862 combined with comprehensive measures such as disinfection of the nest spleen and replacement of the queen bee could reach more than 90.

Cystic larva disease in honeybees is caused by the cystic larval disease virus. It mainly infects 2-3-day-old small larvae with an incubation period of 5-6 days. Diseased larvae generally die after capping, the head of the dead larvae is upturned, white, odorless, easily pulled out of the nest with tweezers, and there is a small sac at the end of the diseased insect, which is filled with granular water.

After the death of the diseased insects, the nest cover is dark black, concave and perforated. The grape spleen was observed, and there was a "flower arrangement" on the spleen. Every morning, when the bees start to collect, you can see the worker bees dragging the corpses of insects and diseases from the nest and scattering them on the ground in front of the nest.

This is essentially the basis for the diagnosis. If available, the diagnosis can be further confirmed by electron microscopy and serological diagnosis.

The prevention of the disease should be strengthened, and the disease of the bee colony can be reduced by adopting disease resistance breeding, preventive disinfection of bee tools and feed, and strengthening the management of bee colony. For diseased bee colonies, nest cleaning can be used to clear the nest with broken seeds, combined with medication**. When the bee colony is sick, it can take measures to change the king or the ghost king, artificially cause a break period of about 10 days, and make the colony dense, so that the worker bees can clean the nest spleen, and the withdrawn nest spleen can be disinfected with 4% hydrogen peroxide or 5% calcium hypochlorite.

During the mottony period and after the resumption of egg laying, the colony is fed medicated syrup. Medicine** is mainly based on Chinese herbal medicine, combined with Chinese and Western medicine. Huaqian Golden Vine, take 10 grams of dry medicine, soak in an appropriate amount of water and simmer for about half an hour, take the filtrate, add sugar according to 1 1 to make syrup, add 3 tablets of multivitamins, feed 10 boxes to bees, feed continuously or every other day, 4 5 times for a course of treatment.

Half-branched lotus is also called narrow-leaved Hanxin grass, 50 grams of dry medicine ** bee 10 boxes. The feeding method is the same as that of the Chinese golden vine. 50 grams of guanzhong, 50 grams of honeysuckle, 10 grams of licorice are one medicine, and 10 boxes are fed to bees.

Same as above. Amantadine hydrochloride tablets, each gram per group, spray or feed, once every other day, for 5 to 7 times as a course of treatment. Discontinue medication one month before the production season.

1. Pathogen: The pathogen of cystic larval disease is the Chinese strain of cystic virus, the virion is spherical, about 30 nm in diameter, the spatial configuration is 24 hedra, no envelope, and the nucleic acid type is RNA.

2. Symptoms: Bee cyst larval disease mainly harms older larvae, 30% of the diseased larvae die before the cap, 70% die after the cap, the dead larvae lie directly under the nest, the head is cocked, the body color first turns yellow-white, and then turns brown-yellow, the internal tissue is liquefied, there are particles in the liquid, the lid of the sick and dead larvae sinks, and most of them are bitten or perforated by the worker bees.

3. Epidemic: Bee cyst larvae bridgeworm disease is an acute infectious disease that poses the greatest threat to bees, the temperature and humidity are unstable and the bee colony is easy to break out in the breeding period, the peak period is generally from October to March of the following year, especially in November December and February and March, and the temperature is high and stable in April and September, which is not easy to get sick.

4. Prevention and control: there is no specific drug for bee cystic larval disease, mainly in beekeeping production, such as artificial breeding of disease-resistant products, wide trembling grip seeds, when the temperature is low or the temperature difference is large, it is necessary to do a good job of heat preservation work, and when the group is weak, it is necessary to merge in time to ensure that there are more bees than the spleen, in addition to clearing heat and detoxifying Chinese herbal medicines and some antiviral drugs also have certain effects.

To sum up, the cystic larval disease is commonly known as cystic disease, rot disease, pointed disease, etc., the pathogen is the cystic virus Chinese strain, which is more likely to occur in 11 December and 2 March when the temperature and humidity are unstable.

First of all, move the sick group to a place 3 kilometers away to isolate**, place the disinfection beehive in the position of the sick group, put a few empty spleens in the box, shake the sick bees into the beehive, make more bees than spleen, kill the queen bee of the swarm, and induce a new queen bee. It is not a pity to destroy all the nest spleen, honey spleen, and insect spleen of the sick group, or turn wax or burn them. Secondly, replace the partition board, sub-cover, partition board, etc. with sterilized ones.

At the same time, feed enough feed, feed water in the field, and then use two or three drugs to cross**, at least about 10 days. If the first spleen destruction is not successful, there are still "flower spleens" and rotting larvae, and the second spleen destruction will be carried out.

**There are many larval disease drugs, such as sulfonamides, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, etc. For example, 1000 grams of 1:1 sugar water, add 400,000 units of oxytetracycline or tetracycline, and feed 100 200 grams per group each time according to the strength of the group.

You can also feed 800,000 units of penicillin per stick, 1 million units of streptomycin per stick, and 300,000 units of erythromycin per stick, all of which are added to cold sugar water (hot sugar water is not available), 1:1 sugar water 1000 grams plus 1 stick, and each group is fed 200 grams each time, 1 time a day. Cretaceous disease can be used with chalk and used according to the instructions.

Cystic larval disease can be fed with viral, 1 tablet per frame of bees, dissolved in sugar water.

The main diseases of honey bee larvae are honey bee larval putrid disease, honey bee European larval putrid disease, honey bee cystic larval disease and honey bee chalk disease.

Honey bee larval disease causes the flower seed phenomenon.

Cystic larval disease.

Diagnosis of bee larval disease.

Because these four diseases are not easy to completely penetrate the spike once infected, there will be more anti-disease situations, so the general prevention and control principle is to prevent more than cure, grinding quiet daily management effect is better than drug prevention and control, as far as possible to reduce the probability and harmfulness of the disease.

1) Strengthen feeding management and improve the disease resistance of bee colonies.

2) Change the king in time and breed disease-resistant varieties.

3) Regular preventive measures are carried out every year.

4) Isolate the disease group, strictly disinfect, and eliminate the source of infection.

5) Drug prevention and treatment to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, adhere to the right medicine, the use of Chinese herbal medicine is safer.

Honey bee microsporidia.

Diagnosis: The pathological changes of the midgut of bees with honey bee sporidiosis are more obvious, compared with healthy bees, if the middle intestine of the sick bees is enlarged, milky white, unclear rings, and loses elasticity and luster, it can be preliminarily determined as sporidiosis. Diseased bees are crushed in a mortar with distilled water to make slides, observed under a 400 600x microscope, and if oval, refractive rice-grained spores are found, the diagnosis of sporidiosis can be confirmed.

Prevention and control: strengthen feeding management. Ensure the quality of overwintering feed.

Before feeding, the feed is pre-tested. During the spring season, pollen and other feeds should be disinfected, and contaminated bee tools, beehives, nest honeycombs, etc. should also be strictly disinfected. Chemical drugs can be used, as well as physical methods; According to the characteristics of sporozoa that will be inhibited in an acidic environment, citric acid, rice vinegar, etc. can be added to the feed during spring multiplication, which can play a certain role in preventing the occurrence of spring sporidiosis.