How harmful are soil borne diseases? How harmful are soil borne diseases? Do you know?

The harm is still relatively large. It is likely to lead to a decrease in the fertility of the soil, and then it is also likely to lead to decay, or it will lead to a continuous decline in yields and a decrease in the economic benefits of farmers.

Soil-borne diseases are very harmful, especially easy to cause yield reduction, and will also affect the growth and development of plants, this disease should be treated in time.

It's very harmful, and many people are affected by this mode of transmission, and this mode of transmission is not easy for people to detect.

This harm is particularly large, once there is this disease, many plants can not grow, and it will also have an impact on the environment.

The biggest harm of soil-borne diseases is that crops can be harvested.

1. Soil-borne diseases are infectious diseases classified according to the mode of transmission, and infectious diseases also include airborne diseases, rain-borne diseases, mediator-borne diseases, and species-borne diseases according to the mode of transmission.

Some diseases are transmitted in more than one way, such as viral diseases, which can be transmitted through seeds, virus-carrying insects, contact with plant sap, etc. As the name suggests, soil-borne diseases are infectious diseases that use soil as the transmission route, and currently soil-borne diseases can be divided into fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, viral diseases and nematode diseases. For example, bacterial wilt, wilt, root rot, wheat yellow mosaic virus disease, etc.

Clearly, the basis for the control of soil-borne diseases is rational crop rotation. Because the pathogen comes from the soil, and its survival period in the soil is the limit of reasonable crop rotation, the longer the pathogen can survive in the soil, the longer the rotation period should be. For example, the survival period of watermelon wilt bacteria in the soil is 6-8 years, so if you plant watermelon more than 8 years after planting watermelon, even if the blight of the plot has been more serious, as long as you do some basic disease prevention measures, you can avoid the disease.

2. Many soil-borne diseases will damage the root system, so the selection of rootstocks that are not infected by pathogens can also play a good role in the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases after grafting.

For example, using black-seeded pumpkin as rootstock to graft watermelon, using thorny eggplant and wild eggplant as rootstock to graft eggplant, and grafting cucumber with gourd are all helpful to prevent and control soil-borne diseases such as watermelon wilt, eggplant bacterial wilt, cucumber wilt, etc. The pathogens of soil-borne diseases live in the soil, so the use of beneficial microorganisms to antagonize and reparasitize harmful microorganisms is a green and pollution-free prevention and control technology. For example, Trichoderma trichoderma, Trichoderma harzianum, etc., can be used to prevent and control a variety of diseases such as gray mold, white silk disease, root rot and other diseases of tomato, cucumber, strawberry and other crops through antagonism, heavy parasitism and other effects.

For another example, a variety of bacterial pesticides such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis can be used to prevent and control soil-borne diseases, among which Bacillus subtilis is mainly used to prevent and control fungal diseases, and Bacillus cereus and Bacillus polymyx are mainly used to prevent and control crop bacterial wilt.

In short, soil-borne diseases should not only focus on the application of fungicides, but also on the basis of avoiding soil infection.

It may lead to underdeveloped roots or complete decay and death of crops, which may lead to short plants, and in severe cases, they will not grow normally, which will affect the fertility of the soil, affect the subsequent cultivation and continuous planting, and may lead to the spread of pests and diseases.

It can cause the death of all crops, and it can also lead to soil destruction, so it is important to prevent the emergence of this disease. I certainly know that this disease can cause damage to large areas of crops.

The damage is great and irreversible, so I think there are many things that we need to be aware of.

1.The soil layer is solved.

From early to mid-July, the continuous high temperature of the solar heat and the certain environmental humidity of the soil layer itself, as well as the fumigation of medicines, were used to carry out disinfection and sterilization in the shed. The specific steps are, chopping rice, 1000-2000kg of straw orange stalks + 15kg urea solution ploughing, making furrows, filling with enough water, and then covering the plastic film, and at the same time closing the greenhouse to solve the problem of 20 days.

2.Disease-resistant varieties are used.

The use of disease-resistant or disease-resistant species can greatly reduce the level of damage caused by soil-borne diseases.

3.Implement crop rotation.

This is also the most economical and efficient countermeasure to prevent soil-borne diseases, and the effective rotation between crops, especially the rotation of water and drought, can achieve twice the practical effect of preventing the emergence of soil-borne diseases. Different diseases must have different rotation periods, and the time period of crop rotation must be grasped to be reasonable.

4.Improve planting measures to prevent diseases.

The groove is planted with high furrows, and the small water is watered frequently to prevent large water from flooding. Reasonable dense planting, improve the standard of natural ventilation and light transmittance of crops, and reduce the humidity of the road environment. Clean up the pastoral scenery, pull out the diseased plants, and apply lime powder in the holes of the diseased plants.

Prevent partial application of basal fertilizer, moderate topdressing of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, preferably topdressing of organic fertilizer, and can be applied to free single product series to improve crop disease resistance. Leaf topdressing replaces root fertilization, such as spraying rainbow and other commodities, and fertilizer can be sprayed with pesticides during the crop growth period. The grafting method can prevent diseases, and the use of disease-resistant clay wood grafting method to replace roots can effectively prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

The soil layer is a relatively complex ecological environmental protection, which carries many pathogenic bacteria and many beneficial microorganisms, which compete with each other, contact each other and contain each other under the premise of different natural ecological environments. Under certain natural environmental conditions, beneficial microorganisms can inhibit harmful pathogenic bacteria, so that diseases cannot be produced.

In the prevention of soil-borne diseases, it is necessary to create a living environment that is conducive to beneficial microorganisms on the one hand, and to maintain beneficial microorganisms on the other. The traditional way of preventing soil-borne diseases is also killed by killing beneficial microorganisms, which is likely to cause more harmful and even more risky pathogenic bacteria in the soil environment. Therefore, in order to minimize the occurrence of this kind of situation when it comes to survival, microbial fertilizer can be used before transplanting crops (such as Commander-in-Chief, Charcoal Harvest and its small turtles, etc.), 1 mu 80 120 catties, in order to maintain the allelopathic natural environment and improve the plant's ability to resist disease.

Many eubacteria such as blight, cataplexy, blight, blight, sclerotinia sclerotinia and bacterial wilt and nematodes are relatively common.

Soil-borne diseases of plants are mainly caused by heavy cropping, nematodes, and improper use of fertilizers, resulting in soil compaction, reduced fertility, and serious pests and diseases. It will have a serious impact on the roots and stems of crops, resulting in reduced yields or even no harvest for growers. Therefore, growers must seize the time to prevent and control soil-borne diseases, just in case.

In order to prevent and control soil-borne diseases, it is necessary to regulate in many ways. Sterilization must be carried out, but it is important to maintain the balance of fungi in the soil; It is also necessary to supplement nutrients and improve the organic matter of the soil, and at present, the method of treating bacteria with bacteria is still possible, and it is very advanced.

Xilante Biotechnology and the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural University and other scientific research institutions launched the Xibainong Tuerqi is a professional prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, soil disinfection, to overcome heavy stubble of the new pollution-free products, Shandong greenhouse growers feedback is very good, the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, improve the yield.

Yield is reduced, seedlings are rotten or stems are rotten, and seedlings die quickly, which seriously affects the yield; Generally, production will be reduced by 20%-30%. Severe reduction of production by 50%-60%.

Soil-borne diseases refer to soil diseases caused by pathogens living in the soil attacking crops from the roots or stems of crops when conditions are suitable. Soil-borne diseases occur when a single crop is cultivated continuously in one field for a long time.

Soil-borne diseases generally damage the roots and stems of plants, once the disease occurs in the early stage of crop growth, the seedlings will rot or the stems will rot suddenly, and the seedlings will die quickly, seriously affecting crop production. Diseases occur in the late growth period of crops, and the yield is reduced by 20-30% in normal years, 50-60% in severe years, or even no harvest. After the onset of soil-borne diseases, it is more difficult to prevent and control, and the pathogens hide in the soil for overwintering, which is difficult to kill, and continue to attack crops in the next year, so that the disease becomes more and more serious.

Common soil-borne diseases include: pepper, eggplant, cucumber cataplexy, blight, blight, root rot, wilt (yellow) wilt, tomato and pepper bacterial wilt, Chinese cabbage soft rot, rape, lettuce sclerotinia sclerotinia disease, wheat total erosion, cotton blight, red rot, verticillium wilt and nematodes.

How to prevent soil-borne diseases?

1. Soil treatment: During the fallow period of the shed in August, chop 1000-2000 kg of rice, wheat straw and orange stalks + 100 kg of slaked lime or 15 kg of urea, and add an appropriate amount of Qianmei plant protection stuffy shed agent to fill enough water in places where conditions permit, and then cover with plastic film, and close the greenhouse at the same time, and treat it for about 15-20 days.

2. Selection of disease-resistant varieties: The selection of disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties can greatly reduce the harm of soil-borne diseases.

3. Crop rotation: It is an economical and effective measure to prevent and control soil-borne diseases, and the rotation between crops is carried out reasonably, especially the rotation of water and drought, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort to prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Different diseases require different years of crop rotation, and the rotation time must be mastered to be effective.

4. Improve cultivation measures to prevent diseases.

1.Deep furrow and high furrow cultivation, small water frequent watering, to avoid large water flood irrigation.

2.Reasonable dense planting, improve crop ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce ground humidity.

3.Clean the field, uproot the diseased plants, and sprinkle lime in the holes of the diseased plants.

4.Avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, appropriately increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and improve crop disease resistance. It is good to increase the application of organic fertilizer.

5.Use Qianmei plant protection head dragon before transplanting with compound fertilizer sprinkling or 800 times liquid flushing after planting.

6.Grafting for disease prevention, using disease-resistant rootstock grafting and root replacement can effectively prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

The planting pattern is single, the soil is not disinfected, the pesticides are used improperly, and the fertilization is improper. The way to do this is to avoid planting a single pattern, disinfect the soil, and use water and fertilizer wisely.

This disease is actually a bacterial infection, because there is a special insect in the soil that hurts the whole land to cause this situation, the best way to ** is to find the right medicine **.

Soil-borne disease refers to a pathogen that mutilates plant roots as dead animals live in the soil. First of all, it is necessary to strengthen the elimination of pests and diseases, strengthen management, cultivate strong seedlings, pay attention to the hygiene of fertilizers, and regularly loosen the soil.

Plant diseases can be divided into two categories: the first is infectious diseases, that is, diseases caused by the infection of pathogenic microorganisms; The second category is non-infectious diseases, which are caused by the plant's own reasons or due to the deterioration of external environmental conditions, such as too high or too low temperature, excessive moisture or drought, too much fertilizer or insufficient nutrients, air or soil pollution, etc. This type of disease is non-infectious, therefore, it is called non-infectious disease or non-infectious disease in plant pathology.

There are many ways to classify plant diseases. According to the different parts of parasitic plants, they can be divided into root diseases, leaf diseases and fruit diseases. According to the mode of transmission, it can be divided into species-borne diseases, soil-borne diseases, airborne diseases and mediator-borne diseases.

Depending on the mode of transmission** and mode, soil-borne diseases are diseases caused by pathogens living in the soil that attack crops from their roots or stems. In other words, those primary infections originate from the soil, and the transmission body is generally caused by pathogens that can survive in the soil for a long time. The soil contains a large number of harmful pathogens, which attack under suitable conditions, causing crop root rot, wilt, verticillium, wilt, cataplexy, black root, stem rot and other diseases, which are collectively referred to as soil-borne diseases.

Pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses live in the soil with the diseased residues and attack crops from the roots or stems of crops when conditions are suitable.

The pathogenic bacteria of soil-borne diseases mainly overwinter (summer) in the soil, parasitize in the soil humus and residual materials of branches and leaves, and survive in the soil for a long time, and the pathogen has different adaptability to the soil, so the length of survival period is different. Microorganisms in the soil, especially fungi and bacteria. The survival mode of pathogens under natural conditions can be divided into two categories: soilinvaders and soilinhabitants.

Soil resident fungi have a long survival period on the remains of diseased plants in the soil, but they cannot survive in the soil alone for a long time, and most plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria belong to this category.

Soil habituation bacteria are highly adaptable to soil, can survive in soil for a long time, and can multiply on soil organic matter. Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and some fungi of Fusarium that cause wilting are representative of soil habituators. Generally, Fusarium wilt can survive in the soil for 5 to 6 years, so it is called soil habituation bacteria.

The pathogens of soil-borne diseases are generally transmitted through soil, fertilizers (organic fertilizers), irrigation water or running water, and not through air currents and rainwater as in infectious diseases. The harmful parts of infectious diseases are mainly leaves, stems, flowers and fruits; However, soil-borne diseases are mainly caused by the roots and stems of the underground parts of the plant. The vascular bundles that infect the host plant gradually extend upward, and the pathogenic bacteria multiply in the vascular bundles, blocking their nutrient transport, causing the plants to wither and die in a short period of time.

In the absence of a susceptible host, soil-borne pathogens can survive in the soil. In addition to the wide host range of soil-borne pathogens, they can also survive on the root surface or residual branches and leaves of non-hosts, which is inseparable from their saprophytic competitiveness. However, there are differences between different pathogens.

Funsarium species like Fusarium and Verticillium can survive in soil almost indefinitely. Table 5-1 lists the number of years of survival of the main soil-borne pathogens in soil.

Table 5-1 The reproductive organs and survival years of the main root pathogens in soil.

From the epidemiological point of view, soil-borne diseases that systematically infect or harm the underground part are cumulative epidemic diseases, which are characterized by low reproduction rate and low reproduction. Spread slowly, over short distances, mainly by seeds or soil; long incubation period; Most of the cases are non-re-infected or have few re-infestations. In soil-borne multi-year epidemic diseases, the initial bacterial load in the soil is the determining factor of the disease epidemic. The incidence of disease in the old area is more severe than that in the new area; The longer the continuous cropping period, the more severe the disease.