Methods and techniques of couplets, methods and techniques of writing couplets

1. Fill-in-the-blank. In this form, the couplet can be examined in conjunction with the content of the textbook and the knowledge of literature. For example, the translation has not yet been written, and I am shocked to hear that the stars are dead, who in China will lead the shouts; Mr. has been an ancient, reminiscing about the old rain, and the literary world has been hesitant since then. Yueyang Tower.

Shang Fan Zhongyan wrote a letter of affection, and Ouyang Xiu in the drunken man's pavilion.

Rejoice with the people. 2. Complementary. This form can be in two situations, one is to refer to one copy, and the other is to supplement the other link, which is the form of the couplet test on the 2004 college entrance examination paper.

The second is to write couplets based on the words provided in the title. For example, please use "dignity" and "arrogance" as the beginning of the upper and lower couplets respectively to prepare a couplet, no more than 30 words.

Couplet: Dignity casts personality and makes life noble, arrogance corrodes virtue and devalues the soul).

3. Adjustment type. This type of question allows for coherent knowledge and linguistic expression of couplets, and the correct use of rhetorical devices.

and other test centers combined. Such as: Jiangxi Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion.

There is a couplet, the sentence order and structure of the lower couplet have been disrupted, please make appropriate adjustments according to the given upper couplet. Shanglian: The rise and fall of the general situation, look at the lonely sunset, the autumn water is long, fortunately the lakes and mountains are safe here; The content of the following link (has been disrupted):

The emperor in the pavilion asked the talented people on the river, the ancient and modern times were only a moment, how to compare the scenery back then. The next link is adjusted to: It is only a moment in ancient and modern times, and I asked the talented people on the river, the emperor in the pavilion, how is the scenery compared to the year.

4. Situational. This type of question provides candidates with a specific situation, combined with the "appropriate" test point requirement to write a couplet. The couplet to be written by the candidate should not only meet the writing requirements of the couplet, but also the specific situation provided by the proposer.

The veins are affectionate like Chunhui and peach plums, and Geng Gengdan's heart is like a candle illuminating spring and autumn).

The couplets are characterized by:

1. The number of words is equal. The number of words in the upper and lower lines must be equal.

For example, delete the upper part of the following couplet to make it neat.

Shanglian: Gou Youheng, why do you need to fall asleep before you fall asleep on the third watch and get up on the fifth watch.

Downlink: The most useless thing is to be exposed to the cold for ten days a day.

After the change, Shanglian: Gou Youheng, why bother sleeping three times and five watches.

2. The part of speech is the same. Such as real words to real words, virtual words to virtual words; In real words, nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, etc.

For example, please adjust the order of the words in the lower couplet appropriately to make the upper and lower couplets neat.

Shanglian: The resort is based on Huainan, and the clouds and shadows are in the sky, and the level is the same;

Downlink: The bridge crosses the flat boat, where to ask the sound of the flute, someone blows to the third month. (Yangzhou 24 Bridge Couplet) after the change: the flat boat crossed the bridge, asked where the sound of the flute was, and someone blew to the third watch of the month.

3. The structure is relative. The structure of the upper and lower links should be parallel to juxtaposition, partial to positive, subject-verb to subject-verb, and verb-object to verb-object.

The reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow;

Bamboo shoots in the mountains, with thick skin at the tip of the mouth and a hollow belly.

The azimuth is juxtaposed with the subject-verb-predicate azimuth

Positive subject-verb.

Juxtaposition. Subject-verb. For example: (Question 23 of the third mock test in Xicheng District, Beijing) The following couplet has obvious untidy parts, under the premise of not changing the words, please adjust the order of the words of the upper and lower couplets respectively, so that the upper and lower couplets are neat and meet the requirements of the couplet.

Throughout the pavilion, the kite flies, the fish jumps thousands of sails.

Lansheng expresses the glory of Shuimu Tsinghua Wanzhi.

Answer: Climb the pavilion and look at the flying kites and fish to compete in thousands of sails.

Lansheng expresses the glory of water, clear wood, and thousands of categories.

1. Methods and skills: 1. The number of words should be equal and the sentences should be consistent. Except for deliberately vacating the space of a certain word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower conjunctions must be the same, no more, no less.

2. The parts of speech should be relative and the position should be the same. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which is equivalent to the noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantifier to quantifier, adverb to adverb, and the relative words must be in the same position.

3. It should be equal and harmonious. The flat requirements of the couplet are "Qi Qi Ping Closed", that is, if the upper couplet rhyme foot is the sound of the couplet, then the lower couplet rhyme foot should be closed in a flat voice, which is called "Qi Qi Ping Close". As for the couplet, there is an occasional phenomenon of "equalizing and receiving", but it should be regarded as a declension and should not be regarded as a regular example of a couplet.

4. The content should be relevant and cohesive up and down. 5.The meanings of the upper and lower links should be connected with each other and should not be repeated. <>

2. Expansion: The puppet stage: The puppet script originated from the Cifu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and flourished in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

As can be seen from its name, it is a style that advocates duality and is mostly composed of dual sentences. This kind of dual sentence is used continuously, also known as arranging couples or puppets. Liu Xian's evaluation of the pun style text in "Wenxin Carving Dragon Ming Poems" is "a couple of 100 words, and a strange sentence of competition".

A paragraph of Wang Bo's "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng" in the early Tang Dynasty is an example:

The time is September, and the order belongs to the third autumn. The water is exhausted and the cold pool is clear, and the smoke is condensed and the twilight is purple. In the middle of the road, visit the scenery in Chong'a.

The Changzhou of the emperor, the old museum of the immortals. The mountains are towering and green, and the sky is heavy; Feige Liudan, next to the landless. Heting Zhu, the lingering of the poor island; Shen Pei which Guidian Lan Palace, that is, the posture of the hills.

Draped in embroidery, carved down, the mountains are wide and their eyes are open, and the rivers are shocking. Lu Yan pounced on the ground, and the bell rang Ding Food House; The ship's maze, the axis of the green finch and the yellow dragon. The clouds are gone, and the color is bright.

Luoxia and lonely birds fly together, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky. The fishing boat sings at night, ringing on the shore of the poor Peng Li; The geese were frightened, and the sound broke the pool of Hengyang.

All of them are organized with dual sentences, among which "Luoxia and the lonely bird fly together, and the autumn water grows together in the sky" is a famous dual sentence for the ages. This kind of dual sentence is a further development of the dual sentence in ancient poetry and literary rhetoric, and it has the following three characteristics: First, duality is no longer purely a rhetorical device, but has become the main rhythmic requirement of the style.

There are three characteristics of the pun style, namely, four or six sentence patterns, puppets, and dictionaries, one of which is this. Second, there is a certain rule in the number of dual words. It is mainly the "four-six" sentence form and its variations.

Mainly: four-character duality, six-character duality, eight-character duality, cross duality, twelve-character duality. The third is that the battle is quite skillful, but there are many heavy characters ("zhi", "and" and other words), and the rhythm of the battle is not fully mature.

1. The number of words is equal. This is the most basic requirement for couplets, and only when the number of words is equal can the neatness of the couplet format be maintained, which is a prerequisite for maintaining the symmetry of the couplet. 2 6 Second, the sentence is consistent.

The couplet is composed of two couplets, each of which has a number of words or words. In the process of couplet, it must be noted that a word in the upper link corresponds to a word in the lower link, and a word in the lower link corresponds to a word in the lower link. Do not break sentences in the middle, so that the upper and lower sentences are fragmented.

3 6 Third, the part of speech is relative. It refers to the words corresponding to the same position in the upper and lower links or the words have the same character characteristics, that is, the noun corresponds to the noun macro and the preparer, the verb corresponds to the verb, the adverb corresponds to the adverb, and the adjective corresponds to the adjective. It is important to note here that some words may have different parts of speech in specific contexts, and should not be confused.

4 6 Fourth, semantic relevance. It means that the meaning of the whole sentence should be related, and the correlation here can be either semantically the same or completely opposite. For example, "the sound of the wind and rain, the sound of reading, the sound of the family, the country, the world, everything cares."", this couplet uses the same semantics.

Another example is "Qin Se Pipa Eight Kings Wang Wang is on top, and the four little ghosts and ghosts are guilty of the side", this couplet uses the opposite semantics of slippery silver. 5 6 V. Equality and harmony. The simplest embodiment of Ping Qian is the last word, that is, the last word of the upper link is used in the sound of the voice, and the last word of the lower link is best used in the flat voice, so that the reading can be suppressed and frustrated.

For example, we often hear that "blessing is like the East China Sea, longevity is better than Nanshan", here only talks about symmetry, and ignores the level, slightly.

The requirement of the couplet is to have both "pair" and "link". Formally, they are paired in pairs, "paired" with each other; The content of the context is closely related to each other. The upper and lower parts of a couplet must be complete and unified in structure, and the language must be clear and concise.

The number of upper and lower couplets should be equal.

The upper and lower couplets should be the same: that is, each phrase that makes up the upper couplet is a few words, and the corresponding phrases of the lower couplet must also be a few words.

The parts of speech of the upper and lower couplets should be the same; The so-called part of speech refers to the categorical nature of words, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on. The parts of speech of the upper link and the part of speech of the lower link, according to the order of the words, should be the same and relative. This kind of requirement is mainly for the purpose of using symmetrical artistic language to better express the content of thought.

The syntax of the upper and lower couplets should be consistent; Syntax is the method of sentence formation. In a couplet, the upper couplet is composed of several words with a total of several syllables, and the lower couplet must also be the same.

The upper and lower joints should be blended; The expression method of the couplet and the upper and lower couplets should pay attention to the relative sound rhythm, that is, the balance and harmony. This is mainly for the harmony of the sound, the ups and downs, the melodious, and the sonorous and powerful.

There are two main kinds of syllables in ancient poems, one is two words and one tone, which is called "two-tone step", and the other is one word and one word, which is called "one-tone step". The level of the two-tone step is mainly based on the second word, and the first word is not strictly required.

The "window" in the upper link and the "door" in the lower link are flat to flat, and the "west" and "east" are to the other.

The content of the upper and lower links should be related, so that people can easily understand the author's self-encouragement through the literal heart.

To write convincing couplets, 1) have studied couplets formally and systematically.

2) Grasp the difference between modern rhyme and ancient rhyme.

3) Profound literary skills.