How to cultivate watermelon in early spring and spicy in autumn? What are the field management pract

Early spring watermelons are generally sown in late January and harvested in late May. Before sowing, the seeds are placed in the sun for 1 2h, soaked in warm water of 50 60 for 1min and stirred constantly, washed before and then removed with water, and then soaked in water for 4h, and then wrapped the seeds with cotton cloth for heat preservation, moisturizing, and germination, and the temperature is controlled at about 30. When sowing, water the nutrient soil thoroughly, use the index finger to pound out a small hole 1cm deep, put the broken and whitish seeds into the hole, cover the nutrient soil and plastic film, compact the surrounding area with soil, and cover a small arch shed.

Choose a place with sufficient sunshine, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil, and apply 75t of fully mature high-quality organic fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer, 15kg of boron and zinc fertilizer per hectare, and plow it flat. Artificial pollination begins when the main watermelon vine reaches 20 knots, usually before noon. The male flowers are picked, the petals are separated, and the pollen is evenly scattered on the stigma of the female flowers.

When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, the fruit begins to thin; During this period, the amount of watering should be controlled, the temperature in the shed should be maintained, and the water should be watered once every 20-25 days or so during pollination.

Pay attention to weather changes when transplanting, ensure that 3-5 days after transplanting are sunny, which is conducive to returning seedlings, 15-20 days before transplanting, and watering in the hole before transplanting, the depth is generally 2 cm above the ground. The grafting technology can not only effectively prevent the sickle wilt during the growth of watermelon, but also effectively improve the survival rate of watermelon and ensure the fruit quality and yield in the later stage. In general, it is carried out before grafting and transplanting"Topping", starting from the 3rd and 4th leaves of the watermelon seedling, this can improve the adaptability of the watermelon seed.

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In early spring, most areas will lack the number of greenhouses to cultivate watermelons, and the temperature should be strictly controlled in front of the hall during the cultivation process, and proper ventilation should be carried out.

Ensure temperature, humidity, regular delivery of fertilizer, spraying, soil loosening, and receiving light.

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According to the requirements of watermelon for environmental conditions, the weather conditions determine the planting time. Watermelon seedlings were exercised to reach 3 leaves and 1 heart to 4 leaves and 1 heart; The temperature in the greenhouse is stable above 13; Choose the "cold tail and warm head" weather, and plant when there are more than 3 sunny days after planting, and you can't blindly rush early. In the early spring watermelon cultivation of greenhouses in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province, the three-film mulching cultivation of greenhouses was planted in mid-to-late February, and the single-film mulching cultivation was planted in early March.

Southern Shaanxi and northern Shaanxi can be planted in advance or postponed.

The watermelons grown in the shed are all ridged. The ridge surface must be kept flat, and after planting, the two ridges are covered with plastic film so that a space is formed between the two ridges, and irrigation is controlled under the film.

All of them control this temperature in advance, and plant the watermelon directly in the greenhouse, except that there will be some interference in terms of temperature, and the growing environment is the same.

1. Variety selection:

According to the market demand, we select excellent hybrid varieties such as "Zaojia 84-24" and "Taiwan Xiaolan" with early maturity, high yield, strong resistance and good quality.

2. Sowing period:

Generally, the seedling age of winter seedlings is about 30 days, and the cluster stove adopts the form of greenhouse + small shed + mulch film to raise seedlings, sow in mid to late November, transplant in mid to late December, and can be marketed in early April.

3. Seed treatment:

Before sowing, choose sunny weather to dry the seeds for a day to improve germination potential. Soaking seeds: first immerse in 55 warm water for 15-30 minutes, stir while soaking, and then soak seeds in room temperature water for 2-4 hours.

Sowing: One week before sowing, the seedling shed is covered with film and insulation, the seedling nutrition bag is placed, and the nutrient soil bottom water is poured at one time two days before sowing, and the soil temperature can be controlled above 25.

4. Seedling management:

Before the emergence of the seedbed is required to be moist, after the emergence of seedlings to the first true leaf as little as possible before the watering, after depending on the nutrient soil moisture appropriate watering, the soil is not white, to water thoroughly, watering should be watered at noon with warm water, 5-7 days before transplanting to stop watering seedling diseases are mainly cataplexy, blight and roots. 10 grams of 70% dixone powder and 10 kg of fine soil per square meter are mixed and sprinkled on the bed surface, or sprayed with 400 times of Pulik to prevent cataplexy; Use 1500 times of 5% Jingming Zheng Suigangmycin aqueous solution, or 300 times of 10% Likuling water solution, or 450 times of 15% Oxamylin water solution to prevent and control blight and roots. Before planting, spray 50% carbendazim 600 times with medicine in the field.

5. Timely harvesting

According to the ripeness of different varieties, the number of days after pollination is calculated according to the melon marking, and the maturity can be accurately judged and harvested in time when the number of days after fruit setting is reached.

High-grade gift watermelons are planted in greenhouses and other protected areas, and have formed a relatively large scale in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing and other places. The introduction, research and popularization in the southern provinces, especially in the Yangtze River Basin, have produced good economic and social benefits. For example, the common early spring red treasure watermelon in the market is sold in most large and medium-sized cities across the country and is favored by consumers.

Cultivating gift melons in greenhouses in early spring is a good way to generate income and increase efficiency. Construction of watermelon cultivation greenhouse in southern China. The primary role of a greenhouse is to prevent rain, followed by insulation.

Watermelons are most afraid of too much rain, and the south has a lot of rain, especially in spring and summer, resulting in unstable watermelon production in the region. This problem can be better solved by utilizing greenhouse mulching and rainproof cultivation. Plastic greenhouses should be built on land with high terrain, easy drainage, sufficient sunshine, and suitable for growing watermelons, especially paddy fields that have not been planted for many years.

Generally, 7-8m wide, 25-30m long and high is appropriate, and bamboo sheds, cement sheds or steel frame sheds can be used. This kind of planting investment is large, and land selection is the key. Generally, they are only planted in the same place for one year, and the second year is changed to a suitable land for planting melons, and melons are not planted for many years.

So consider the detachability of the greenhouse. Variety selection: High-quality varieties should be selected for watermelon cultivation in greenhouses in early spring to achieve the purpose of high quality, high quality and high efficiency. At present, early spring red jade is the most widely used variety in production, and other varieties include Zaojia, Xiaolan, Xinjinlan, Li Xiu, Meiya, Bingjing, Huamei, Hongxiaoyu, Huang Xiaoyu and so on.

Early seedling rearing is the basis of this technology. Generally, seedlings are raised in January and February around the Spring Festival, and there are 7 consecutive sunny days for 10 days.

Seedling pots are used for multi-layer coverage of greenhouse seedlings, and should be equipped with thermal insulation and antifreeze facilities such as ground heating wires and high-power bulbs, so as to facilitate germination and sowing, emerge seedlings as soon as possible, and reduce the probability of frost damage. The temperature in the Yangtze River basin is low, and there are often cold snaps. When raising watermelon seedlings, frost damage is most likely to occur from sowing to seedling stage, especially from sowing to seedling stage, 10 degrees below 1 2 days are dangerous, try to avoid cold snap or use heat-proof facilities.

In addition, keeping the seedbed and nutrient soil as dry as possible is also an effective measure to improve cold and disease resistance. In order to promote the growth of seedlings, fertilizer watering must be carried out on sunny days, and the nutrient soil dries out 1 2 days after watering, which is conducive to improving the cold resistance and disease resistance of plants. Early spring cover cultivation generally involves three layers of mulching, i.e., greenhouses, small arches, and plastic film.

Full mulch film mulching has the advantages of enhancing heat preservation and water retention, weed-free watermelon vine leaves and fruit without soil film fertilizer and water irrigation, which can reduce the infection of pests and diseases and improve the appearance of fruits. Fertilization Due to the sufficient mulching, top dressing is relatively difficult, so sufficient basal fertilizer must be applied before planting. Late-acting fertilizers such as cake fertilizer, livestock fertilizer, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are suitable as base fertilizers, but after fermentation, less fast-acting fertilizers are applied.

Drip irrigation under the film is used for watering and topdressing, that is, the drip irrigation pipe is placed 50cm away from the planting place before mulching, and the fertilizer is fermented, soaked and filtered for drip irrigation, which is conducive to protecting the leaves and fruits of watermelon vines. After picking a batch of melons, it is necessary to top dressing in time to facilitate continuous fruit setting. When the plant grows to about 1 meter, prune the tendrils 3-4 times to ensure that each plant bears 2-3 fruits at a time.

What are the watermelon planting techniques in greenhouses in early spring? The following aspects need to be noted:1

Temperature management. During the breeding period of watermelon in early spring, the low temperature is higher than 10, the high temperature is lower than 40, and the appropriate temperature range at the germination period is required. 2.

Moisture management. When planting, water the planting water, water the seedlings once according to the moisture, and control the watering before the seedlings are extended. Water the young melons again when they are the size of eggs.

3.Reasonable top dressing. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in watermelon is approximate.

Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the early stage to promote seedling growth. 4.Pruning and threshing.

Generally, three vines are pruned, and when the melon vines are full of small arch sheds, the middle arch shed and the small arch shed film and bracket can be removed successively. 5.Pollination.

Select the second or third female flower of the main vine for pollination, pollination time is 8 9 a.m., pick the male flowers that open that day, and place the stamens on the male flowers for pollination.

Reasonable dense planting and layered planting, reasonable dense planting can make the sunlight more fully irradiated, layered planting can make fertilizer more fully absorbed, pay attention to fertilization, because fertilizer is the foundation of plant growth.

1.The temperature of the seedlings should be high before the emergence, do not let the wind during the day, and the bed temperature is controlled at 28 32, if the bed temperature is too high on a sunny day, it can be covered with a straw curtain to shade and cool down. For seedbeds covered with straw curtains at night, the straw curtains should be opened in the morning and covered early before sunset.

2.Melon seedlings begin to emerge (bend neck) to the seedlings to expose the heart of this period, to appropriately reduce the temperature of the seedbed, to prevent the seedlings from growing to form tall seedlings, the temperature should be mastered at 22% 25% during the day, and keep 12% 14% at night.

3.After the first true leaf, the bed temperature should be appropriately increased, and it is more appropriate to control it at 28% to 30% to accelerate the growth of seedlings. As the seedlings grow and the outside temperature rises, the vents should be gradually enlarged, and the ventilation time should be lengthened accordingly.

1. The temperature of the seedlings should be high before unearthing, do not let go of the wind during the day, and the bed temperature is controlled at 28 32, if the bed temperature is too high on a sunny day, you can add a straw curtain to shade and cool down, and the seedbed with a straw curtain at night, the straw curtain should be opened in the morning and covered early before sunset. Melon seedlings begin to emerge (bend neck) to the seedlings to expose the heart of this period, to appropriately reduce the temperature of the seedbed, to prevent the seedlings from growing to form tall seedlings, the temperature should be mastered at 22% 25% during the day, and keep 12% 14% at night.

2. Generally, more than 80% of the seedlings are unearthed when they are unearthed, and they should be opened in the direction of the wind, and the size of the tuyere and the length of the ventilation time should be carried out gradually from small to large, from short to long, and a large amount of ventilation should be avoided suddenly. At noon on a sunny day, the air volume should be appropriately increased, the straw curtain should be opened early and covered at night, and after the first straight leaf, the bed temperature should be increased, controlled at 28% 30%, which is more appropriate to speed up the growth of seedlings: with the growth of seedlings and the rise of outside temperature, the vent should be gradually increased, and the ventilation time should be lengthened accordingly.

How to manage the thin watermelon seedlings in the greenhouse to make them coarse.

Watermelon needs to do locust cherry to these points, watermelon seedlings are not strong may be the growth period is not timely pinch the tip of the wheel cluster, or the application of water and fertilizer is too large, resulting in the watermelon seedlings growing, you can spray the control agent during the vine extension period, and at the same time when the main vine grows to 50-70 cm and the side vine grows to about 20 cm, select 1-2 strong side vines at the base, and then cut off other side vines.