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There are two types of community succession: primary succession and secondary succession.
Primary succession refers to the succession that occurs on a ground without vegetation cover, or where vegetation originally existed, but was later completely wiped out (note that it is completely wiped out), such as bare rock, sand dunes, volcanic rocks, glacial mud;
Secondary succession refers to the succession that occurs after most of the original plant communities have disappeared due to fires, floods, cliff avalanches, volcanic eruptions, wind disasters, human activities, etc., and it should be noted that there should be a minimum soil or organic matter basis at this time.
Your question is not too strict.
What do you mean by developing natural ecosystems into farmland ecosystems?
If it is a forest, wetland, grassland, etc., it should belong to secondary succession.
If it is volcanic rock, glacial mud, etc., and does not have the minimum soil or organic matter conditions, it should belong to primary succession.
Generally speaking, the development of natural ecosystems into farmland ecosystems should belong to secondary succession.
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<>1. Sociality: The agricultural ecosystem is controlled by human beings, is an open system under strong human intervention, and is inseparable from the social and economic field of human beings. 2. High yield:
Agricultural ecosystems have greater high-yield performance than natural ecosystems, and human beings can greatly improve the light energy utilization rate of cultivated crops by taking various technical measures and selecting high-yield varieties. 3. Volatility: The agricultural ecosystem is subject to the dual constraints of natural ecological laws and social economic laws, so once the environmental conditions change drastically, or the management measures cannot be met in time, it will lead to the instability or volatility of the agricultural ecosystem.
1. Characteristics of agro-ecosystems
1. Sociality.
As an artificial ecosystem, the agro-ecosystem is an open system with strong human intervention, and it is inseparable from the social and economic field of human beings. It carries out directional changes and development through certain scientific and technological means in accordance with human intentions. The agro-ecosystem is governed not only by the laws of nature, but also by the laws of social economy, which embodies the intertwined characteristics of natural reproduction and economic reproduction.
2. High yield:
Agroecosystems have greater high-yield performance than natural ecosystems. Human beings have adopted various technical measures to select high-yield and improved varieties, so that the light energy utilization rate of cultivated crops has been greatly improved. This characteristic also determines that the system needs to have material and energy to continuously supplement the input to maintain the basic balance between input and output.
3. Volatility.
Agricultural ecosystems are subject to the dual constraints of natural ecological laws and socio-economic laws, and once the environmental conditions are closed and drastically changed, or the management measures cannot be met in time, it will lead to the instability or volatility of the agricultural ecosystem. This also shows that various technical measures must be taken to regulate and control the system to reduce the occurrence of volatility.
2. The difference between agro-ecosystems and natural ecosystems
1. The biological composition, environmental conditions, structure and function, stability mechanism, productivity characteristics, openness, energy flow characteristics, nutrient cycling, obedience rules, and operation goals of agricultural ecosystems and natural ecosystems are different. The biggest difference with the natural ecosystem is that the agricultural ecosystem has a large degree of development and a large number of artificial auxiliary energy inputs, which is also an important guarantee for the high productivity of the agricultural ecosystem and the continuous increase of agricultural production.
2. The agricultural ecosystem is controlled by human beings, and the role of human beings is very prominent, with high net productivity, simplified components, poor self-stability, and an open system, which is also subject to the "dual" law of nature and social economy. Natural ecosystems refer to relatively stable ecosystems that rely on natural regulation capacity within a certain range of time and space.
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No, a single organism cannot make up an ecosystem.
An ecosystem is a unified whole composed of biological communities and inorganic environments.
The extent of ecosystems can be large or small, intertwined, and the largest ecosystem is the biosphere; The most complex ecosystems are tropical rainforest ecosystems, where humans mainly live in artificial ecosystems dominated by cities and farmland.
Farmland ecosystem is an ecosystem composed of energy and material exchange and interaction between biological communities and their ecological environment in crop-centered farmland.
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Wrong. The crops in a field and all the other organisms in the field form an ecosystem.
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Summary. From the geological cycle and the biological cycle to the biological cycle.
When natural ecosystems are replaced by agroecosystems, what changes will occur in the biological cycle of matter?
From the geological cycle and the biological cycle to the biological cycle.
Just one word. Natural ecosystems and prudent agroecosystems are based on material circulation and material flow, respectively. The material cycle of natural ecosystems is divided into two parts: geological cycle and biological cycle, while the material cycle of agricultural ecosystem is mainly dominated by biological cycle. Among them, water, carbon and nitrogen belong to the gas phase cycle, and phosphorus belongs to the sedimentary cycle.
I don't understand it very well. The geological cycle refers to the weathering of crystalline rock minerals into fine and soluble substances under the action of external force and coarseness, which are transported by flowing water and migrated to the ocean, and become sedimentary rocks after a long geological year.
Understood, no. The biological cycle of matter.
<>That's right, it's the material cycle.
Natural ecosystems and prudent agroecosystems are based on material circulation and material flow, respectively. The material cycle of natural ecosystems is divided into two parts: geological cycle and biological cycle, while the material cycle of agricultural ecosystem is mainly dominated by biological cycle. Among them, water, carbon and nitrogen belong to the gas phase cycle, and phosphorus belongs to the sedimentary cycle.
Biological cycles. That is to improve the utilization rate of bioenergy and the recycling of waste.
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The main difference between agroecosystems and natural ecosystems is their composition and function.
Agroecosystems are formed by human intervention and are mainly composed of farmland, crops, agricultural animals and human activities. The goal of agroecosystems is to provide food and other agricultural products to meet the needs of human agriculture. Agroecosystems are often managed and regulated artificially, including fertilization, irrigation, pesticide use, etc.
The function of agro-ecosystems is mainly for the efficiency and stability of agricultural production. Natural ecosystems are formed in nature and are made up of various living organisms, abiotic factors, and interactions between them. The goal of natural ecosystems is to maintain biodiversity, ecological balance and ecological stability.
Natural ecosystems are generally free from human intervention and their composition and function are naturally formed. The function of natural ecosystems is mainly to provide ecological services, such as water conservation, climate regulation, soil conservation, etc.
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Briefly describe the characteristics of agroecosystems that distinguish them from natural ecosystems as follows:
The openness of an agroecosystem refers to the exchange of matter and energy between it and the environment.
Agro-ecosystem refers to the ecological whole composed of agricultural biological populations and agro-ecological environment. Agricultural organisms include agricultural plants, agricultural animals, and agricultural microorganisms; Agro-ecological environments include both organic and inorganic environments. Since the agro-ecological environment is an environment with humans as the main body, its environmental components also include artificially constructed objects, such as villages, buildings, etc.
From a macro point of view, the agricultural ecosystem is a complex multi-level and multi-functional ecosystem composed of farmland ecosystem, grassland grazing ecosystem, water ecosystem engaged in fishing, forest ecosystem, settlement and animal husbandry ecosystem, which exercises the functions of material circulation and energy exchange between various industrial systems.
Structure and function of agricultural production and training system:
Agricultural environmental factors generally include light energy, water, air, soil, nutrients and biological populations, as well as human and human production activities. Producers refer to autotrophic organisms, mainly green plants, including various crops and planted trees. They are made by photosynthesis into panicle organic substances, which serve as food and energy for other heterotrophs in addition to their own growth and reproduction.
Producers are also known as primary producers.
Consumers include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, parasites and saprophytes, all of which are heterotrophic organisms. Among them, herbivores such as cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits, etc., directly rely on feeding plants to survive, and are primary consumers. They are also known as secondary producers because of their ability to convert plant-based ingredients into products such as meat, eggs, milk, skin, hair and bone.
Carnivores are referred to as secondary consumers. Omnivorous guesses that the mythical animal has both herbivore and carnivorous eating properties.
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