What causes macrotoe ?

Macrotoe is a congenital malformation characterized by increased volume of fingers or toes, resulting from abnormal nerve growth, and has a very low incidence of congenital malformations of the limbs, approximately. Macrotoe is one of the rare deformities. The hypertrophy is caused either by neurofibromatosis or by the proliferation of congenital lymphoid and adipose tissue.

And **method is also based on typing**.

Regarding the ** of macrotoe, simple corrective surgery has no special effect. But at present, there is no better way to treat macrotoe, and there is no way. And there are two types of macrotoe:

One is that it is already relatively large at birth, but it will not develop again, this situation is relatively good, and the effect will be better. The other is that it grows all the time and affects nearby hands or toes, which is also more common. For the reverse side, there is no specific method, and it will grow all the time, and even affect nearby hands or toes, so the removal of giant toe is also a common method.

Pathologically, macrodactyly (toe) can be seen as benign soft tissue overgrowth with a large amount of fibroadipose tissue, which is often classified as a lipoma, and fibroadipose tissue overgrowth is the main pathological feature. Moreover, the main damage of the giant toe is the excessive proliferation and accumulation of adipose tissue, and the damage of the giant finger is the nerves.

The damage of the giant finger is the nerves. At present, the pathogenesis of macrodactyly (toe) is still being studied and no conclusive conclusions have been formed, but the final result is a deficiency of growth inhibitory factors or the expression of local intravenous factors, which leads to the overgrowth of all components of the fingers or toes.

One is congenital and the other is secondary. Congenital is from the mother's womb to suffer from such diseases, and secondary is the absence of such diseases at birth, which is the "giant toe syndrome" caused by various diseases, such as some lymph nodes, hemangiomas and so on.

"Macrotoe" is mostly caused by genetic mutations. This is because there is a genetic conflict between the parents, which can lead to the child suffering from "macrotoe".

It is a rare congenital malformation of the toes. It gradually worsens with growth and development, due to abnormal proliferation of nerve fibers or abnormal proliferation of lymphatic and adipose tissues.

Macrotoe is mainly caused by local excess of growth hormone, lack of growth inhibitory factors, and mutation of transfer factors during embryonic growth. For the treatment of macrotoy, the most effective way is to surgically remove the hypertrophic tissue, if the symptoms of macrotoe are detected early, it must be carried out in time, so as not to cause the condition to worsen due to delay.

Suffering from "macrotoe" is more common in clinical practice due to differences in physical fitness development or hormone regulation disorders, etc., and it is necessary to pay attention to rest in life, be clear and targeted.

The most important method of macrotoe is to perform surgery to remove the hyperplastic tissue. It's mainly based on the severity of the symptoms, if it is relatively mild, cartilage surgery is generally used, if it is severe, bone tissue surgery is generally used, and if it is super severe, toe amputation is generally used. <>

Macrotoe is a very rare congenital malformation that is a form in which the tissue of the fingers or toes enlarges due to abnormal nerve growth. There are generally two types of macrotoe, one is stationary and no longer grows, and the other is that it will continue to grow, which is more troublesome. Most of them have no way, macrotoe will be more difficult, it will continue to grow and develop, and it may affect the surrounding fingers.

Macrotoe syndrome will not only have an impact on life, if it is a toe, it is easy to cause no way to wear shoes, and it is very aesthetically beautiful, which will bring psychological shadows to these patients, and it is easy to have psychological problems, leading to a withdrawn personality. If you find macrotoe when your child is young, you should do it as soon as possible, and the sooner you are, the better. After the operation, it is necessary to observe whether there is any problem with the child's surgical area, because I am afraid that some will continue to grow, and it is necessary to have regular check-ups.

Parents should adjust their mentality, macrotoe is a disease that needs to be carried out for a long time, and they can't do it, don't let their bad emotions affect their children, and let their children be able to face this disease positively and optimistically. Parents should not be too nervous, there is no way to cure this disease for the time being, but now that science and technology are becoming more and more developed, I believe that one day there will be a way to ** this disease, even if it can't, there is a way to make the tissue no longer grow, it is also very good. Parents should adjust the mentality of their children with macrotoe in time, because children with macrotoe may be easily ridiculed by other children when playing with others, so as not to let the child's psychology be hurt and lead to character development.

Macrotoe is divided into quiescent and dynamic forms. If it is a stationary type to receive it in a regular hospital**, it is easier to recover; If it is a power type, simply put, it will still grow again after you **, and it can't**, so removing the giant toe is a more commonly used method.

Timely surgery for **intervention, in most cases,**the last two feet may not be exactly the same. Depending on the thickness of the toes, liposuction may be performed, and in severe cases, one toe may need to be removed so that both feet can wear the same size of shoes.

Generally, this kind of disease needs to be carried out in the hospital in time**, and it can be removed when necessary.

The current best way for macrotoe is to directly resect it, and then reconstruct the finger according to the size and location of the excised part, so as to minimize the inconvenience and harm caused to the patient after the finger resection.

Classify. As early as 1967, Barsky conducted a review of the relevant literature and divided the giant fingers into two types: one is the stationary type, that is, it appears at birth but grows in proportion to the other fingers or toes; The other is progressive, which grows much faster than normal fingers or toes.

The cause of hypertrophy may be an invasion of adipose tissue. This classification method is still in use today.

Pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of giant finger (toe) is still being studied, and no conclusion has been formed. Allende thinks it is related to multiple neurofibromas.

It is believed that polyneurofibromas of supraperiosteal nerves cause bone destruction and regeneration, and it is argued that polyneurofibromas are the sole cause of localized rapid growth. However, Thorne reported 13 patients, none of whom had clinical or histologic features of multiple neurofibromas. So, in order to connect the two, Keligian used the term "incomplete multiple neurofibromas" to define giant finger malformation.

There is also a view that it is a variant of a lipoma. Dennyson finds this theory appealing because macrodacty (toe) exhibit hyperplasia of fibroadipose tissue, the more prominent feature of macrodacty is hypertrophy, and the twisted metacarpal nerve and its branches are rare in macrotoe. However, most of the affected fingers occur on the volar side, so the neurogenic theory cannot be completely refuted.

Keret has reported a case of both macrodacty and macrotoe, in which nerves are affected in the macrotoe and no neurological abnormalities are found in the macrotoe. So, the latest view, as represented by SYED et al., is that although the main damage to macrotoe is the excessive proliferation of adipose tissue, and the damage to macrodacty is nerves, regardless of their underlying damage, the end result is a deficiency of growth inhibitory factors or the expression of local intrinsic factors, resulting in overgrowth of all components of the fingers or toes.

Macrodactyly usually occurs after birth, while all other fingers or toes are normal. One or more fingers may be markedly enlarged, but not necessarily all fingers are affected. Cases of localized hypertrophy have been reported in Tsuge, where the lesion involves only the distal fingers.

The giant finger grows gradually as the child grows and develops, and its speed varies. Because the lesions are mostly located on one side of the finger, in addition to the large size of the whole finger, it is common for one side to overgrow and deviate the finger in an arc to the side. Lesions are characterized by proliferation of bone and fat.

The giant finger affects not only the shape of the hand, but also the function. If the enlarged lesion is located in the carpal tunnel, there may also be symptoms of nerve entrapment.

Macrotoe is primarily a buildup of fibroadipose tissue, often on the lateral or plantar surface, and asymmetrical hypertrophy leads to scoliosis. Although hyperphalysis is a prominent feature, involvement of the anterior foot is often overlooked, leaving controversy as to whether the disease includes metacarpal or metatarsal. However, the latest view still favors the inclusion of metacarpal or metatarsal hypertrophy in macrotoe.

Radiological features.

An increase in the length and width of the affected phalanx or phalanges is a general feature, but the metacarpal or metatarsal bones are not clearly defined. Barsky believes that they are not included. However, Tsuge found varying degrees of enlargement of the metacarpal or metatarsal.

Keligian has also reported excessive enlargement, a change in osteogenesis that is more common in the feet.