What are the main characteristics of Ming dynasty porcelain?

1. Shape - generally plump, vigorous, soft and rounded lines, giving people a sense of simplicity and solemnity.

2. The carcass is generally heavier than that of the Qing Dynasty, and Hongzhi paid attention to repairing the tire before, and the seams were not obvious; After Zhengde and the end of the Ming Dynasty, the joints are particularly obvious, the carcass is thicker and rougher, and the folk kiln utensils are especially serious. There is a phenomenon of "flint red", commonly known as "yellow overflow".

3. Glaze - the biggest feature is that the enamel is thick and moisturizing. In the blue and white porcelain, most of them are blue and white, commonly known as "bright blue glaze", which runs through the beginning and end of the entire Ming Dynasty.

4. Ornamentation - mainly dragons, phoenixes, unicorns, landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, animals, etc. The picture is bold and chic, the brushwork is smooth and skillful, and the composition is simple and ancient.

5. Foot - large utensils are mostly sand bottoms, often with collapsed bottoms, sticky sand, and jumping knife marks. There are many shapes such as straight ring feet, flat cut ring feet, wall ring feet, high feet and so on.

6. Recognition - Before the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen porcelain was mostly not signed. After Yongle, he began to write the year number of the dynasty, the dry payment, and the drawing on the official kiln. It is mostly written in blue and white, with dark engraving, embossing, etc.

Style-recognizable features

The form of porcelain in the Ming Dynasty is generally based on writing, and there are very few engravings. The rules of Ming Dynasty porcelain style summarized by the predecessors are: Yongle is less, Xuande is more, Chenghua is fat, Hongzhi is showy, Zhengde is Gong, and Jiajing is miscellaneous.

The style of Yongle porcelain is known as "Yongle year". This is the first time in the history of ceramics fired the emperor's year model, "Yongle year" four characters for the seal, four characters double vertical line, seal, engraved or written in the heart of the vessel. Blue and white ware is written in blue and white; White glaze ware and green and white glaze ware are mostly printed; Red glaze and green glaze ware are mostly engraved.

Regardless of engraving, printing and writing, the font of the four seal characters of "Yongle Year System" is smaller.

There is only one form of four-character seal book in Yongle year. Anyone who sees the four characters of regular script, the six characters of seal script or the six characters of regular script is a pseudo deposit. Later, there were imitations of the four-character seal book, but the font strokes of the imitation models were mostly stiff and folded, and there was no soft and mellow feeling.

There are still many auspicious paragraphs on the folk kiln, there are blessings, Lu, longevity, Chen, etc., the font is mainly written in cursive when Hongwu, and it has developed to three kinds of writing styles. In addition, the Yongle Dynasty also has a small number of figures.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty porcelain.

1. Shape - generally plump, vigorous, soft and rounded lines, giving people a sense of simplicity and solemnity.

2. The carcass is generally heavier than that of the Qing Dynasty, and Hongzhi paid attention to repairing the tire before, and the seams were not obvious;

3. Glaze: It is characterized by thick and moist enamel.

4. Ornamentation - mainly dragons, phoenixes, unicorns, landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, animals, etc.

5. Foot - large utensils are mostly sand bottoms, often with collapsed bottoms, sticky sand, and jumping knife marks.

Ming Dynasty porcelain: Porcelain is one of the important inventions of the Chinese working people, and it is the crystallization of the wisdom and strength of the ancient working people. The development of Chinese porcelain, from the Song Dynasty to the north and south of the river hundreds of kilns and flowers after the transition through the Yuan Dynasty, to the Ming Dynasty almost became by the Jingdezhen porcelain kilns to dominate the world.

The firing process of blue and white porcelain in the Ming Dynasty reached the peak of the development of blue and white porcelain in China. Jingdezhen's porcelain is mainly blue and white, and other products such as underglaze color, overglaze color, bucket color, monochrome glaze and so on are also very good.

1. The porcelain of the Qing Dynasty is rich in content, with both common styles and different characteristics.

2. The shape of porcelain in the Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi and Kangxi, was clumsy, plump and vigorous, the show of Yongzheng was ingenious and timeless, the Qianlong was regular, and the Jiaqing and Daoguang were clumsy and cumbersome.

3. The carcass and cutters are generally thin and moderate, and the round ware is thick and thin. During the Kangxi period, the fetal body weight and texture were hard and fine. Yongzheng has a light and thin tire quality, delicate and high whiteness.

The carcass after Daoguang is thick and clumsy, and the texture is coarse. In the Qing Dynasty, the abdominal and neck joints of the carved ware were extremely rare. In the Ming Dynasty, porcelain was exposed, and the flint red spots were often scattered until the Qing Dynasty, which had basically disappeared.

4. The glaze is not as fat and bright as the Ming Dynasty, the glaze is thin, the color is slightly green and white, the Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties, the glaze is smooth and delicate, the tire glaze is tightly combined, and the glaze is blue and white, pink white, sauce white, hard and bright green and other colors. Yongzhengshi's face is slightly white and moist, and there are many orange peel wrinkles. The smoothness of the Qianlong period was green, and the one after Jiadao was not smooth enough, and the waves were obvious.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the glaze was thin, the enamel was loose and not firm enough.

Development of porcelain in the Qing Dynasty.

China's ceramic handicraft industry, developed to the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong three dynasties reached the peak, reached the highest level in history, into the history of China's ceramic era. Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong were the prosperous times of the Qing Dynasty, with national peace and security, and rich materials. After more than 1,000 years of development, the porcelain industry has reached the highest level in history at this time.

As the emperor personally took care of the production of porcelain, the kiln supervisor worked hard to develop porcelain technology, learned from other handicraft categories and foreign new technology, and created many new varieties with craftsmen, such as enamel color, pastel, various color glaze, bionic porcelain, etc., competing for beauty and incomparable. After Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty became increasingly corrupt, China's feudal society gradually collapsed, and porcelain production also fell from prosperity to decline.

The Qing Dynasty generally implemented the system of "official and private burning", and after the nineteenth year of Kangxi (1680 AD), the imperial kiln factory was restored in Jingdezhen, whether it was an official kiln or a private kiln, and the porcelain firing technology was further improved on the basis of the Ming Dynasty.

The emperor of the Qing Dynasty also personally inquired about the porcelain production in Jingdezhen, and the design of some official kiln porcelain styles was first presented to the emperor by the inner court, and the emperor put forward specific requirements, and then handed over to the craftsmen to make, and even made a wooden model first, so that the official kiln was still made.

The emperor also sent officials to Jingdezhen to supervise the production of official kilns, and the famous kiln supervisors in the Kangxi period included Xu Tingbi in the Guangchu Shilang of the Internal Affairs Bureau, Li Yanxi, the director of the Ministry of Industry, Yu Heng Shilang Zhong Zang Yingxuan, the pen post type Cherde, and the governor of Jiangxi Lang Tingji.

Although the development of porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty was not as striking as that of the Song Dynasty, it also began to show new development characteristics.

If the unprecedented development of the porcelain industry in the Song Dynasty is the result of the prosperity of the porcelain industry in the north and south, and the development of official kilns and private kilns, then the characteristics of the porcelain industry in the Yuan Dynasty are to highlight the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, making it the first in the porcelain industry in the country.

In the late Yuan Dynasty, due to the development of maritime transportation, more attention was paid to foreign countries, and handicraft production, including porcelain industry, developed rapidly. During this period, the quantity and quality of porcelain exported were greatly improved compared with those of the Song Dynasty.

A new type of kiln firing method in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty also saw the emergence of a new type of kiln firing method, namely the chamber dragon kiln.

This kind of kiln is built on the mountain, the inclination is between 12-20 degrees, the length is nearly 60 meters, the width is 2-3 meters, and there are 17 kiln rooms. The characteristics are: the capacity of the imperial kiln is large, which is suitable for firing a variety of glazes at the same time, and different products are placed at different kiln temperatures in the front, middle and rear of the kiln chamber.

Brother Wang. It is suitable for using firewood as fuel, which heats up quickly and cools quickly, making full use of the heat in the kiln. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, a gourd-shaped kiln also appeared on this basis, which later evolved into an egg-shaped kiln, and continues to be used to this day. <>