Why did Chang e 1 and others hit the moon

It has not yet been determined that Chang'e-1 will hit the moon.

But usually the space vehicle makes its final contribution before the end of its life. That is, when it hits the moon at high speed, it will knock the moon into dust or other changes, and in the last moment, the information will be transmitted back to the ground control center, and scientists will analyze the impact results.

Hitting the moon is a common way in the international space community to end the 'mission' of lunar probes. ”

Academician Ouyang Ziyuan said. "Instead of letting the lunar spacecraft fall to the moon because of the fuel exhaustion, it is better to choose the way to hit the moon, which can also add some data accumulation for human understanding of the moon. ”

Professor Xiao Naiyuan of the Department of Astronomy of Nanjing University revealed that it is of great scientific significance for human probes to choose to hit the moon. A successful impact will kick up a large amount of lunar dust. Scientists are analyzing the composition of this lunar dust to explain the mystery of the moon's origins.

The mystery of the origin of the moon is currently quite controversial.

In addition, if the probe can hit the predetermined location at the specified time, it will lay the foundation for the next precise landing of other human probes on the moon or other stars.

At the same time, it also provides an engineering basis to prevent asteroids from hitting the earth. Because human beings deal with asteroid impacts that threaten the safety of the earth, the current means is to use artificial nuclear ** to hit the fixed position of the asteroid, so as to change the asteroid's orbit. This operation undoubtedly accumulated experience.

Four major scientific tasks of China's first lunar exploration project:

1. Obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface, finely divide the basic structure and geomorphological units of the lunar surface, and study the shape, size, distribution, and density of the lunar surface impact craters, so as to provide basic data for the division of the age of the surface of terrestrial planets and the study of early evolutionary history, and provide basic data for the site selection of the soft landing area of the lunar surface and the optimization of the location of the lunar base.

2. Analyze the distribution characteristics of the content of useful elements and material types on the lunar surface, mainly to investigate the content and distribution of 14 kinds of elements such as titanium and iron that have development and utilization value on the lunar surface, draw the distribution map of the whole moon of each element, and the thematic map of lunar rocks, minerals and geology, etc., discover the enrichment areas of each element on the lunar surface, and evaluate the development and utilization prospects of the lunar mineral resources.

3. Detection of lunar soil thickness, that is, the use of microwave radiation technology to obtain the thickness data of lunar soil on the lunar surface, so as to obtain the age and distribution of the lunar surface, and on this basis, estimate the content, resource distribution and resource amount of helium-3 fuel for nuclear fusion power generation.

4. Exploring the space environment from the Earth to the Moon. The average distance between the Moon and the Earth is 380,000 kilometers, and it is located in the far magnetotail region of the Earth's magnetic field space, where satellites can detect the solar cosmic ray energetic particles and solar wind plasma, and study the interaction between the solar wind and the Moon and the Earth's magnetic field magnetic tail.

The reason why Chang'e-4 will land on the far side of the moon is to continue to scientifically explore the lunar geology and resources at a deeper and more comprehensive level, and to improve the lunar archives.

The Chang'e-4 probe, referred to as "Star 4", is the backup satellite of Chang'e-3. It consists of a lander and a rover, and the rover is named "Yutu-2". On May 21, 2018, the Chang'e-4 relay satellite "Queqiao" was successfully launched, providing Earth-Moon relay communication support for the Chang'e-4 lander and lunar rover.

On December 8, 2018, the Chang'e-4 probe was successfully launched by a Long March-3B carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 successfully landed in the pre-selected landing area of the von Kármán impact crater in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the Moon, and the lunar rover "Yutu-2" arrived on the lunar surface to begin its patrol and exploration.

On January 11, 2019, the Chang'e-4 lander and the Yutu-2 rover completed the mutual shooting of the two vehicles, reaching the set goals of the project, marking the complete success of the Chang'e-4 mission. On February 11, 2019, the Chang'e-4 lander and the Yutu-2 lunar rover entered the second lunar night hibernation mode.

According to reports, on the morning of May 21, China successfully launched the Chang'e-4 mission relay communication satellite Queqiao from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center with a Long March-4C carrier rocket, and Chang'e-4 will land on the far side of the moon according to the plan.

According to the report, according to the plan, after the launch of Queqiao, China will launch the Chang'e-4 probe in the second half of the year, which will land in the Aitken Basin near the south pole of the moon.

The far side of the Moon can shield various radio interference signals from the Earth, so that the electromagnetic signals that cannot be distinguished from space on the ground and near the Earth can be monitored, and the origin of stars and nebulae can be studied by studying the evolution of stars and nebulae, which is expected to achieve significant astronomical results.

In addition, using the unique radio environment on the far side of the Moon to carry out low-frequency radio astronomical observations, it is expected to achieve original results in the generation mechanism of solar wind shock waves, coronal mass ejections and high-energy electron beams, laying a foundation for the future exploration of the "Dark Ages" and "Dawn Periods" of the universe.

Because Chang'e-3 has already landed on the front, how interesting is it to go down again?Humans have never landed on the far side of the moon, and if it succeeds, it will be a bright spot;If it doesn't work out, because it's the first time for humans, it's forgivable. Let's not talk about any scientific significance, technology-driven, from a logical point of view, the scientific significance of falling to the far side of the moon is a sentence:

I haven't been to the back!The engineering objectives of Chang'e-4 are: safe landing under complex terrain and environmental conditions, long-distance relay communication between the Earth and Moon Lagrange at 2 points, and comprehensive utilization of isotope temperature difference power generation and thermopower.

Its scientific objectives are: to study the environment on the far side of the Moon;The surface, shallow, deep, and deep layers of the far side of the Moon are studied;Detection of cosmic objects with low-frequency radio detectors.

For the sake of human academic research, let China's aerospace science and technology embark on a higher platform, create scientific resources, and take a key step for the whole human community.