What are the main reasons for the high diversity of wild animals in China?

In an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency during the conference, John Scanlon, Secretary-General of the International Convention on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), said that biodiversity conservation is a common issue faced by all countries in the world, and China's efforts in protecting biodiversity in recent years are worthy of recognition. China has been actively participating in the work of the Convention, uniting source, transit and target countries to jointly combat illegal wildlife**, and playing a leading role in saving endangered wildlife and global biodiversity conservation," Scanlon said. In particular, he pointed out that the "Cobra Operation" initiated by China has made outstanding contributions.

During last year's Cobra III operation, China joined dozens of countries and international organizations in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas to investigate and prosecute more than 300 cases involving the smuggling of endangered species. "Illegal wildlife is a serious threat to biodiversity, and there are currently 7,000 species illegally traded in the world, including elephants and rhinos, but the threats faced by more species have not attracted enough attention from the international community," Scanlon told reporters. According to the World Nature** study, between 1970 and 2000, the global population of species declined by 40, and illegal wildlife** was one of the important reasons.

Scanlon, he also said that as one of the countries with the richest biological diversity in the world, China's biodiversity conservation is of great significance to maintaining the world's species diversity and ecological health. He said: "In recent years, China has continuously improved the construction of nature reserves, making the system systematic and refined, and it is a positive booster for the construction of global biodiversity.

According to China's Ministry of Environmental Protection, China has established 2,740 nature reserves with a total area of 1.47 million square kilometers, accounting for about 14,83 percent of the country's land area, which is higher than the world average. At present, about 89 species of wild animals and plants under national key protection in China have been protected in nature reserves, and the populations of some rare and endangered species have gradually recovered, among which the wild population of giant pandas has reached more than 1,800, and the threat level has been downgraded from endangered to vulnerable<>

Globally, the challenge of protecting biodiversity cannot be underestimated. Population growth, climate change, human-wildlife conflict, land use and other issues are the main challenges facing global biodiversity today, Scanlon said. "To solve the current problem, we need to unify the primary concerns of the economy, society and the environment, and find the best balance between the three parties," he said.

The International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on 22 May, the day before the opening of the UN Environment Assembly, and this year's theme is "Mainstreaming Biodiversity: Safeguarding People and Their Livelihoods". Scanlon stressed that biodiversity conservation can benefit humanity and that "biodiversity conservation requires broad participation from the public, to make people aware of the need to protect biodiversity, and to make them feel the practical implications of this work."

Summary. Pro-3, hello, I am glad to answer for you, "biodiversity" is the sum of the ecological complex formed by organisms (animals, plants, microorganisms) and the environment and various ecological processes related to it, including three levels: ecosystem, species and genes. Biodiversity is related to human well-being and is an important foundation for human survival and development.

Human beings must respect, conform to, and protect nature, intensify the conservation of biodiversity, and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.

Pro-3, hello, Liang Qin is happy to answer for you, "biodiversity" is the ecological complex formed by organisms (animals, plants, microorganisms) and the environment and the sum of various ecological processes related to it, including ecosystems, species and genes cherry acres three levels. Biodiversity is related to human well-being and is an important foundation for human survival and development. Human beings must respect, conform to, and protect nature, intensify the conservation of biodiversity, and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.

Rare animals include terrestrial organisms, such as red pandas, white-necked pheasants, giant pandas, ili pikas, golden snub-nosed monkeys, white ibises, African elephants, etc., aquatic organisms such as Chinese alligators, baiji swift dolphins, etc., amphibians, such as black soft-shell turtles, Chinese giant salamanders, baby fish, etc., reptiles such as Indian pythons.

Usually the animals do not have a fixed place to live, and they are tired of activities during the day, and they will find a quiet, better climate and environment to rest and sleep at night. Some animals have a smaller range of activities and will have a more fixed habitat. Habitat type refers to the selection of potato tolerant habitats by various animals according to their favorite environmental conditions, so as to form different habitat types.

The animal diversity in China is manifested in: 10,000 species of invertebrates; There are 6347 species of vertebrates and 667 endemic species. The main reasons why animals are seriously threatened are:

overutilization; habitat shrinkage and fragmentation; introduction of alien species; destruction of ecological balance; Environmental pollution.

The extinct vertebral wild imitations of the country include Xinjiang bighead fish, Heterosaurus carp, bay crocodile, wild horse (wild species), guinea deer, elk (wild species) and high-nosed antelope, and the silver-white fish, multi-scaled silver-white fish and crowned shelduck that may be extinct. There are 433 species of vertebrates threatened by the first animal, of which 55 are endemic.

a. Genetic diversity refers to the diversity of genes and genotypes within species, including genetic variation between significantly different populations within species and within the same population, also known as genetic diversity, which can also provide evolutionary materials for species, which is conducive to biological evolution and development, and is also conducive to the development of biodiversity; Therefore a is correct

b、d=1-[（10/18）2+（5/18）2+（3/18）2]=；Therefore b is correct

c. According to the calculation of the Simpson index, the more species and the more species, the larger the Simpson index and the greater the uniformity, so the greater the biodiversity; Therefore c is wrong

d. Habitat diversity is the basis for the formation of ecosystem diversity, and the diversity of biological communities can reflect the diversity of ecosystem types; Therefore d is correct

Animal diversity refers to the diversity of animal populations of different types, species, and numbers on the planet. It includes the following three aspects:

1.Species diversity: refers to the diversity of the number and types of different species of animals on the earth, including a variety of different animal stool skin types, subcategories, families, genera and jujube air differences, species, etc.

2.Genetic diversity: refers to the diversity of different genotypes within the same species, including different types of diversity such as genotype, phenotype, and ecotype.

3.Ecological diversity: refers to the diversity of different species of animals and their relationships within the ecosystem, including food chains, ecological niches, ecosystem stability, etc.

In short, animal diversity refers to the diversity of animal populations on the earth in terms of quantity, species and ecology, including species diversity, genetic diversity and ecological diversity. Maintaining and protecting animal diversity is of great significance for maintaining ecological balance and protecting the ecological environment.

First, the loss and fragmentation of biological habitats, the reclamation and expansion of land by human beings, the area of undisturbed natural habitats has been drastically reduced and fragmented, and environmental pollution and climate change have also caused the disappearance of species;

the second is desertification, which accounts for 30% of the world's land area and is still expanding;

Third, over-exploitation and consumption, a large number of wildlife resources have been over-exploited and utilized, resulting in a serious decline in biodiversity;

Fourth, biological invasion, the invasion of alien species has caused the living environment of many local species to deteriorate, changed the composition of the ecosystem, and caused the loss or even extinction of some species in the local area;

Summary. Dear, it should be Yunnan Province

Yunnan is the most species-rich province in China, with rich species composition, a significant proportion of new taxa, the number of species in various groups is close to or more than half of the country, and more than 30% of the total number of species of animals and plants are new taxonomic groups, which is the highest in the country. There are 20,312 species of plants and animals, and about 7,000 species of fungi. There are 1972 species of higher vertebrates, including 305 species of mammals, 848 species of birds, 174 species of reptiles, 123 species of amphibians and 522 species of fish.

There are 18,340 species of higher plants, including 1,658 species of bryophytes, 1,325 species of ferns, 116 species of gymnosperms and 15,241 species of angiosperms.

In addition, the proportion of national key protected species is high, among the 246 species of protected plants listed in the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (the first batch), Yunnan has 114 species, accounting for the whole country; There are 234 species of national key protected animals in Yunnan, accounting for the whole country.

The provinces with the most abundant species in our country are (). The species composition was abundant, the proportion of new taxa was significant, and the number of species in each group was similar.

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Yunnan is the province with the richest species in China, the species composition is rich, the proportion of new taxa is significant, the number of species of various groups is close to or more than half of the country, and more than 30% of the total number of species of animals and plants are new taxonomic groups, which is the highest in the country. There are 20,312 species of plants and animals, and about 7,000 species of fungi. There are 1972 species of higher vertebrates, including 305 species of mammals, 848 species of birds, 174 species of reptiles, 123 species of amphibians and 522 species of fish.

There were 18,340 species of higher plants, including 1,658 species of bryophytes, 1,325 species of ferns, 116 species of gymnosperms, and 15,241 species of angiosperms. In addition, the proportion of national key protected species is high, among the 246 species of protected plants listed in the "National Key Protected Wild Plants (First Batch)", Yunnan has 114 species, accounting for the whole country; There are 234 species of national key protected animals in Yunnan, accounting for the whole country.

Intra-ethnic diversity refers to genetic, and population diversity.

China has a vast territory, complex landforms, numerous lakes and diverse climates. The rich natural geographical environment has given birth to countless rare wild animals, making China one of the countries with the richest variety of wild animals in the world. According to statistics, there are about 6,266 species of vertebrates in China, accounting for more than 10% of the world's species.

Among them, there are 500 species of mammals, 1,258 species of birds, 412 species of reptiles, 295 species of amphibians, and 3,862 species of fish. Many wild animals belong to rare species endemic to China or mainly produced in China, such as giant pandas, golden snub-nosed monkeys, crested ibises, Przewalski's gazelles, white-lipped deer, brown pheasants, black-necked cranes, Yangtze alligators, python soldering iron heads, etc.; There are many migratory species of international importance, as well as species of economic, use, ornamental and scientific value. These precious wildlife resources are not only the precious natural wealth of human beings, but also an indispensable and important part of the human living environment.

Wild animals refer to wild animal species that live in a natural state and are in danger of extinction due to the species' own reasons, drastic changes in the environment or the impact of human activities, and various mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs and other animals that are not raised in captivity. The world's wild animals are divided into four types: endangered wild animals, beneficial wild animals (referring to those wild animals that are beneficial to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, health and health care, such as carnivorous birds, etc.), economic wild animals and harmful wild animals.