Solving Truth and fallacy are expressed in concrete practical life as the relationship between succe

Success or failure doesn't matter, it's important to see how you face it.

If you don't fall, how can you learn to ride, not only will you not fail, but you will increase your confidence.

1. Galileo argues the truth: In 1590, Galileo made the famous experiment of "two balls falling at the same time" on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, which overturned Aristotle's theory that "the speed of falling of an object is proportional to its weight", and corrected this erroneous conclusion that lasted for 1900 years.

2. Copernicus's overthrow of the theory of the center of the earth: In the first draft of the "Brief Theory" written in 1510, it was unequivocally pointed out that the sun is the center of the universe, the earth and the planets both move around the sun, and only the moon really revolves around the earth.

3. The fallacy of circular argumentation: e.g.: "xx says that God exists; Since xx is the Word of God, xx is certainly not wrong; So God exists. ”

4. Slippery slope fallacy: For example, Xiaohong opposes gay marriage because she thinks that if we allow gay marriage, then there will be people who want to marry a table or chair. Red is guilty of the slippery slope fallacy.

5. The fallacy of partial generalization: The premise of the error is that a certain property possessed by an individual is the universal nature of the group containing the individual.

Example: "One Dutchman is **, so all Dutchmen are **." Example:

One of my theories is correct, so all of my theories are correct. ”

Ptolemy's belief that the universe revolves around the earth was considered true in the Middle Ages. Later, Copernicus criticized Ptolemy as a fallacy and proposed the "heliocentric theory", which was later recognized as true. But with the development of astronomy now, Copernicus's view was also proved wrong.

1.It is correct that people constantly correct their fallacies in practice to obtain the truth.

2.But this true truth is truth in the narrow sense.

Truth can be divided into absolute truth and relative truth, that is, absolute truth is a generalized truth that is not subject to any limitations.

Relative truth is a limited truth that is established under certain conditions.

3.Because as a philosopher said: the asymptote line is infinitely close to the asymptote (truth) and can never be reached.

It is true that man constantly corrects his fallacies in practice to obtain the truth, because truth is uncertain and develops in the process of continuous development.

People's cognition is always being revised in the process of cognitive progress, so it is inevitable that there will be errors due to insufficient cognition, so this is true.

The criterion of objective facts is called truth!

What is the criterion for testing truth: Practice is the only criterion for testing truth.

All truths are objective and contain two meanings: first, truth contains objective content that is not subject to human will; Second, the criterion for testing truth is objective social practice; To admit the objectivity of truth is to adhere to materialist monism. Truth and falsehood go hand in hand, they are both principled and mutually transformative.

Truth is a process of development, so it is relative and absolute. Definitely refers to:1

In terms of the objectivity of truth; 2.As far as the epistemic nature of man is concerned; 3.In terms of the development of truth; Relatively said:

1.In terms of breadth; 2.In terms of depth; 3.

From the point of view of the process.

First, let's talk about the relationship between truth and falsehood.

1.Truth and falsehood are in opposition to each other.

Truth is the understanding that conforms to objective things and the laws of their development, and is a correct reflection of objective things as they are. Fallacy is the understanding that is contrary to objective things and the laws of their development, and is a distorted reflection of objective things as they are. The opposition between truth and falsehood within a certain range is absolute, truth is not falsehood, and falsehood is not truth.

There is a principled boundary between the two, and there is no confusion between them.

2.Truth and falsehood are one and the same.

Truth and falsehood both belong to the category of knowledge, and they are interdependent and have a unified relationship. This unified relationship is embodied in the following ways:

1) Truth and falsehood exist and struggle with each other.

Truth exists in comparison with falsehood.

The existence of truth in comparison with falsehood means that no individual, no class, no social group can be completely immune to errors in understanding or action, and it is impossible for people to have only correct scientific opinions without being infallible in any era. The development of human understanding shows that the later generation always has to correct the mistakes of the previous generation, and the process of correcting errors is the process of comparing truth with falsehood.

Engels pointed out: "As far as is possible, we are almost at the beginning of human history, and there are probably far more descendants who will correct our mistakes in the future than our predecessors, who are likely to correct their errors of understanding with the utmost contempt." (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 3, p. 125.)

In order to discern the truth, one must compare falsehoods, and only by comparison can one discern. As long as we are good at comparing and learning from mistakes, we will be able to discover and develop the truth, because "it is not that enemies do not get together".

Truth develops in the struggle against falsehood.

The development of the struggle between truth and falsehood means that the development of human understanding shows that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish whether a certain viewpoint, theory, or doctrine is true or false when it is first proposed. Some are doctrines of truth, which are often considered false; There were things that were actually false, but were mistaken for truth by most people at the time. The process by which people discover and accept the truth is also the process by which truth struggles with falsehood.

In the course of the struggle, the truth will become clearer and clearer, showing its tremendous vitality, and will be enriched and developed day by day. Fallacy, on the other hand, will increasingly reveal its true face in the struggle and be discarded by the majority.

The opposition between truth and falsehood is absolute within a certain range, but it is not that truth and falsehood are opposed within a certain scale. Therefore, the formulation of residual A is incorrect. 2. Truth and falsehood are opposites and unity, they are interdependent, both presuppose the existence of each other, and at the same time, under certain conditions, they can be ridiculously high to transform each other.

But the two are not mutually inclusive. Therefore, the formulation of d is also incorrect.