The main routes of sound waves into the inner ear are described

Sound generally enters the inner ear through air conduction, which is the main way we perceive sound; Another secondary route is through cranial conduction.

The vibrations of the sound waves are collected by the auricle and pass through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane, causing mechanical vibrations of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain, which transmit the stapes foot plate through the vestibular window to the external lymph of the inner ear. This pathway is called air conduction

conduction), referred to as air conduction. After the sound wave is transmitted to the lymph outside the inner ear, it is transformed into liquid wave vibration, which causes the basement membrane to vibrate, and the spiral hair cells located on the basement membrane bend the stecilia, causing the hair cell electrical activity, and the hair cell releases neurotransmitters to stimulate the axon terminals of the spiral ganglion cells, generating axonal action potentials. Nerve impulses travel along the brainstem auditory pathway to the auditory cortex center in the temporal lobes of the brain.

In addition, the air in the tympanic chamber can also vibrate through the round window membrane to produce a change in the lymphatic pressure of the inner ear, causing the basement membrane to vibrate. This pathway is secondary in normal people and only occurs when there is an obstruction or disruption of the normal conduction through the vestibular window, such as a large perforation of the tympanic membrane, or a disruption or fixation of the ossicular chain.

Outside sound waves enter the external auditory canal, causing the eardrum to vibrate. The vibration frequency of the eardrum is the same as the frequency of sound waves, and the amplitude is determined by the intensity of the sound waves. When the tympanic membrane vibrates in the internal and external directions, the stapes floor against the vestibular window vibrates through the transmission of the three ossicles, causing the lymph fluid outside the vestibular step of the inner ear to vibrate.

The vestibular membrane, intracochlotal lymph, basement membrane, extratympanic lymph, and round window membrane vibrate successively.

The vibration of the basement membrane causes the relative position of the hair cells of the spiral to change continuously with the operculum membrane, causing the hair cells to send out nerve impulses, causing the cochlear nerve fibers to produce action potentials. It travels to the medulla oblongata, then through the hypothalamus of the midbrain to the medial geniculate body, and finally to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex, where hearing is formed.

Auricular (collecting sound waves) - causing tympanic membrane vibrations - ossicular chains (malleus, incus and stapes) vibrations - inner auditory canal - cochlear auditory receptors.

Sound begins with the vibrations of air particles, such as guitar strings, human vocal cords, or speaker paper cones. Together, these vibrations appear as pushing neighboring air molecules while slightly increasing air pressure. The air molecules under pressure then push the surrounding air molecules, which in turn push the next group of molecules.

Sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear through the external auditory canal, eardrum, and ossicles, which excite the sensory organs of the inner ear (Coti's organs), and convert sound energy into nerve impulses, which then pass through the auditory nerve and enter the center to produce hearing. When these pressure wave changes reach the human ear, they vibrate the nerve endings in the ear, and we hear these vibrations as sounds.

a.The outer ear has a tympanic membrane, an auditory bone chain, a vestibular window, and an inner ear.

b.The outer ear has an eardrum, an auditory bone chain, a feast, a snail window, and an inner ear.

c.Outer ear, one tympanic membrane, one tympanic air, one worm window + inner ear.

d.Skull - Intracochlear lymph.

Correct answer: The outer ear is a tympanic membrane and an ossicular chain is a vestibular window and an inner ear.

a.Bone conduction.

b.Outer ear, tympanic membrane, Lingzen beat, ossicular chain, oval window, inner ear.

c.Outer ear, tympanic membrane, tympanic air, round window, inner ear, ruler.

d.The outer ear, the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain, the round window, the inner ear.

Correct answer: B