How the Earth Formed 10, How the Earth Formed

The question of the origin of the earth has likewise had been subject to a variety of theories since the mid-18th century. The prevailing belief is that about 4.6 billion years ago, the primordial Earth began to diverge from the solar nebula, with a low temperature, a blend of light and heavy elements, and no hierarchical structure. Once the primitive Earth was formed, it was conducive to the continued accretion of solar nebulae by increasing volume and mass, and at the same time increasing temperature due to gravitational differentiation and radioactive element metamorphosis.

When the internal material of the primitive earth warms up to a molten state, the ferrophilic elements with large specific gravity accelerate to sink to the center of the earth and become the core of iron and nickel, and the lithophilic elements with small specific gravity float up to form the mantle and crust, and the lighter liquid and gaseous components overflow the surface through volcanic eruptions to form the original hydrosphere and atmosphere. Since then, Planet Earth has begun the evolutionary history of interactions between different spheres and frequent material-energy exchanges.

Formed by the nebula of the solar system.

You might think that the complex Earth is made up of an infinite number of different substances, but in fact it contains almost only four basic components, ferrosilicon magnesium, these four elements account for 93% of the earth's substance, and the rest is only a trace supplement, including calcium, aluminum, copper, and so on.

Formation of the Earth: The evolution of the Earth can be broadly divided into three stages.

1. The first stage is the period of formation of the geosphere, and its time limit is roughly 4600 to 100 million years ago, when the earth was born and the 21st century is very different.

Scientists have theorized that the Earth began as a red-hot ball of hot liquid material, mostly magma. Over time, the temperature of the earth's surface continues to drop, and a solid core gradually forms. The dense material moves towards the center of the earth, and the less dense material (rocks, etc.) floats on the surface of the earth, which forms a earth whose surface is mainly composed of rocks.

2. The second stage is the Archean and Proterozoic periods. Its time limit is 4200-543 ma. The earth is constantly releasing energy outward, and the water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases released by the continuous eruption of hot magma constitute a very thin early atmosphere --- primitive atmosphere.

As the water vapor in the primeval atmosphere continues to increase, more and more water vapor condenses into small water droplets, which then converge into rainwater and fall to the surface. And just like that, the primordial ocean was formed.

3. The third stage is the Phanerozoic period, and its time limit is from 543 ma to the present. The time of the Phanerozoic is relatively short, but during this period, the organisms and their prosperity, the geological evolution is very rapid, the geological processes are rich and colorful, and the geological bodies are all over the world, widely preserved, which can be extremely well observed and studied in the old Zhaozhong, which is the main research object of geological science, and establishes the basic theory and basic knowledge of geology.

Regarding the formation of the earth, there is a widely accepted theory called the "big ** theory", and the approximate process is as follows:

4 billion years ago, matter in the universe formed a very dense, high-temperature point, which suddenly happened**, releasing a great deal of energy and matter. This ** is called "big**", and the matter it releases spreads out in the universe and begins the evolution of the universe.

As the universe evolved, some matter began to clump together to form nebulae. The material in the nebula gradually gathered, forming a protoplanetary disk. In the protoplanetary disk, the matter continues to accumulate, forming a planet that grows larger. It is in this process that the Earth is formed. Only.

It is speculated that the process of the formation of the Earth is roughly as follows: in the protoplanetary disk, some matter begins to gather and form a huge spherical object. This object continues to absorb the surrounding matter, gradually becoming larger and larger.

Due to the different densities of matter, this spherical object is constantly separated by gravity, which eventually forms the internal structure of the Earth: the core, mantle, and crust.

In short, the formation of the pure belt vertical sphere is a long and complex process, which has undergone hundreds of millions of years of evolution and development.

About 5 billion years ago, the Milky Way was filled with a large amount of nebulous material. They contract due to their own gravitational pull, and the vortices created during the contraction cause the nebula to break into many "pieces". Among them, those fragments that form the solar system are called solar nebulae.

The solar nebula contains solid dust particles that are not easily volatile. These dust particles combine with each other to form larger and larger particle rings, and begin to adsorb some of the smaller dust particles around them, so that the volume increases day by day, and gradually the Earth star embryo is formed. The Earth's star embryo moves within a certain range of space and continues to grow itself.

Thus, the primordial earth was formed. The primordial earth has evolved and grown to what it is today.

Formation of the atmosphere and oceans.

After the formation of the primitive Earth, the surface temperature slowly increased. As a result, the Earth starts to warm from the surface. During this period, the outer side of the earth is warmer.

As the temperature continues to rise, the surface material begins to melt. This molten material resembles volcanic magma and covers the Earth's surface. As the magma covers an increased area, the volatile substances in it escaped, forming a primordial atmosphere.

This atmosphere is mainly composed of water and carbonic acid, and the air pressure is 100 now

Times. Later, the temperature of the atmosphere dropped, and the water vapor in the atmosphere turned into water, which descended to the ground to form the primordial ocean.

Formation of the Earth's core.

The Earth's core is formed by the accumulation of iron in the center of the earth. The newborn Earth collided with multiple asteroids, releasing energy that warmed the planet. As the temperature rises, the rock softens and iron is deposited to the center of the earth immediately.

The gravitational energy released by iron further warms the planet. It is speculated that this primordial core was a liquid formed entirely of molten iron. In the Earth's core, the melting point of iron rises higher the further it goes towards the center.

As the convective movement cools, the temperature in the center of the Earth's core will drop to a temperature lower than the melting point of iron, and finally solid iron will precipitate in the center to form the core.

The age of the earth.

The age of the earth is considered to be 46

About 100 million years. The planets of the solar system are also of this age. In addition, the oldest rocks found on Earth are 3.8 billion years old, and these determinations depend on the radioactivity of trace amounts of uranium, rubidium, potassium and other elements in the rocks. Radioactive elements such as uranium, rubidium, potassium, etc. have 10

The half-life of more than 100 million years provides clues for determining the age of the earth.

PS: That's probably it, if you really want to know, just be patient, hehe.