What are the stages of a planet s evolution?

Like all things in nature, planets go through an evolutionary process from birth to death. The different forms of various planets are due to the fact that they are in different stages of evolution (for example, insects are eggs, larvae, pupae and moths in their growth stages), and planets evolve from stars, and the evolution of each planet in the universe has to go through - stellar "black holes" - diffuse nebulae - stars - red giants.

Planetary nebulae – white dwarfs.

Planets — comets.

Asteroids have several phases. The Earth is in the middle of the planetary phase, when the asteroid finally turns into dust and floats in the vast space, the interstellar gas and dust are attracted by the rapidly rotating stellar "black hole" to condense together, and a new life cycle of another planet begins. This is how the planet evolves in a cycle.

The stages of a planet's evolution mainly include the following parts:

1.Nebulae give birth to stars: In a silent nebula, matter composed of gas and dust gradually gathers under the influence of gravity, increasing in density and temperature.

When the core temperature is high enough, the hydrogen atoms begin to fuse into helium atoms, releasing a large amount of energy, and the star is born at this moment.

2.Stellar Steady Luminescence Phase: After the birth of a star, it enters the stage of stable luminescence. At this stage, the star is called the main-sequence star. Inside the main-sequence star, hydrogen atoms nuclei fuse into helium atoms, releasing enormous amounts of energy that allow the star to maintain a steady stream of light and radiation.

3.Stellar aging and expansion stage: When the hydrogen fuel inside the main sequence star is gradually depleted, the core begins to contract, and the outer gas expands, and the star enters the aging stage and becomes a red giant.

4.Transformation and silence of stars: When a star with a small mass is the size of the Sun, as it evolves into a red giant, the outer layer of gas will be gradually thrown away, forming layers of ornate nebulae, which are called planetary nebulae.

The core of the star will become a white dwarf supported by electrons, which will eventually slowly cool down in the universe and become a black dwarf.

These are the general stages of the evolution of a planet.

Planets are born in nebulae, and cosmic dust attracts each other under the action of gravity, gathers, and the heat generated by extrusion gradually accumulates, and finally ignites the gathered matter, and the glorious life of the star is born.

After hundreds of millions of years of main sequence star stage, the hydrogen inside the star is exhausted, and the outer shell without nuclear fusion support squeezes the star inward under the strong gravitational force, the helium produced by nuclear fusion is accumulating, and the helium gathered together finally fuses, and the decrease in temperature makes the star color red, and the energy of helium fusion pushes the outer layer of the star to form a red (super)giant.

After the red (super)giant phase ends, low-mass stars, such as our Sun, become white dwarfs, which are small in size and low in brightness, but massive and extremely dense. Its density is around 10 million tonnes m3. A white dwarf is a dead star whose thermonuclear reaction in the center has stopped, and it is glowing while cooling.

Massive stars die with a large explosion called a supernova explosion, which releases the same amount of energy and light as a billion suns. A supernova explosion can occur at most once per star in its lifetime.

After a supernova explosion, the remaining matter exists in two forms – neutron stars and black holes. In the process of supernova **, a star with a mass of about 4 10 times that of the Sun, the core left behind becomes a very small but massive neutron star, composed of neutrons, 1014 times the density of water, and the mass of only 1 cm3 is as heavy as that of human beings around the world, with a diameter of only 30 km.

Stars with masses greater than 10 times the mass of the Sun will become black holes when a supernova explodes. A black hole sucks in all the matter in its vicinity, and even light is swallowed up, so we can't see it. But we can prove the existence of black holes by the situation when material from nearby stars is sucked into the black hole.

It is generally believed that supermassive black holes are not formed by a single star, but by the merger and growth of multiple black holes. The "shadow" in the middle is about a double of the black hole's event horizon, and the outer halo is the "reflection" caused by the black hole's gravity and the bending effect of the light emitted by the accretion disk.

The accretion disk rotates at high speed to stay in the black hole, and due to the Doppler clustering effect, the side that turns toward us is brighter and the side that turns away from us is darker.

Summary. Our solar system is the result of the struggle between two opposing forces, the great gravitational force and the centrifugal force. This struggle began about 4.6 billion years ago, when the outer regions of the Milky Way formed a slowly rotating disk-shaped nebula with interstellar gas and dust condensation, known as the "Solar Nebula".

The cosmic matter gathered in this nebula began to collapse inward as a whole under its own gravitational pull.

As the material in the nebula gradually contracted, the internal temperature gradually increased, and finally a protostar was formed, which was the predecessor of the sun. At the same time, the nebula's rotation began to accelerate, and some scattered particles on the periphery of the nebula collided with each other and gradually gathered. This accretion process led to the formation of so-called stars and protoplanets, which are the embryos of the celestial bodies that make up our solar system today, namely planets, moons, and asteroids.

And the gravitational field of these celestial bodies, in turn, accelerates this process of accretion.

Smaller planets such as Earth, Mercury, Venus, etc., gradually cool on the surface over the ensuing process, forming a solid crust made of rocks, while other larger planets, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, etc., are too large to form a solid surface and are mainly composed of gases like hydrogen and helium.

How did the planet come to be?

Our solar system is the result of the struggle between two opposing forces, the great gravitational force and the centrifugal force. This struggle began about 4.6 billion years ago, when the outer regions of the Milky Way formed a slowly rotating disk-shaped nebula with interstellar gas and dust condensation, known as the "Solar Nebula". The cosmic matter gathered in this nebula began to collapse inward as a whole under its own gravitational pull.

As the material in the nebula gradually contracted, the internal temperature gradually increased, and finally a protostar was formed, which was the predecessor of the sun. At the same time, the nebula's rotation began to accelerate, and some scattered particles on the periphery of the nebula collided with each other and gradually gathered. This accretion process led to the formation of so-called stars and protoplanets, which are the embryos of the celestial bodies that make up our solar system today, namely planets, moons, and asteroids.

And the gravitational field of these celestial bodies, in turn, accelerates this process of accretion. Smaller planets such as Earth, Mercury, Venus, etc., gradually cool on the surface over the ensuing process, forming a solid crust made of rocks, while other larger planets, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, etc., are too large to form a solid surface and are mainly composed of gases like hydrogen and helium.

What is a planet?

A giant spherical object made up of various substances.

How did the planet come to be? Can it be a little simpler, because it is a question that children want, thank you.

In the process of the universe, countless particles were produced, and these particles formed fixed spheres after tens of thousands of years of cooling, which were planets.