Isobutane uses, what is the difference between isobutane and butane

1. It is mainly used to produce isooctane by hydrocarbonization with isobutylene, and is used as an octane number improver for gasoline. Isobutylene and propylene can be made by pyrolysis. Alkylation with n-butylene and propylene can be used to produce alkylated gasoline. Methacrylic acid, acetone and methanol can be prepared. It can also be used as a refrigerant.

2. High-purity isobutane is mainly used as standard gas and preparation of special standard mixture.

3. It is used to synthesize isooctane, as a gasoline octane number improver, used to make isobutylene, propylene, methacrylic acid, and used as a refrigerant.

Physical properties of alkanes:

1. When the number of carbon atoms is less than or equal to 4, the alkane is in a gaseous state at room temperature, and the other alkanes are in a solid or liquid state at room temperature (neopentane is a gaseous state at room temperature).

2. It is insoluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents.

3. With the increase of the number of carbon atoms, the boiling point gradually increases.

4. With the increase of the number of carbon atoms, the relative density gradually increases. The density of alkanes is generally less than that of water.

1) Isobutane and propylene co-oxidation to produce propylene oxide and tert-butanol. This method is currently the main method of global production of tert-butanol, and industrial production has been achieved in the United States. The methods for the production of tert-butanol mainly include isobutylene indirect hydration, isobutylene direct hydration and isobutane, propylene co-oxidation to produce propylene oxide and tert-butanol.

At present, indirect hydration has a tendency to be eliminated by the market, and most countries such as China, Japan and Germany use direct hydration to produce tert-butanol, but the conversion rate of tert-butanol is less than 40%, and the cost is higher than other methods, and the product scale is small, so it lacks relative competitiveness in the international market. The production of tert-butanol in the United States mostly uses isobutane and propylene co-oxidation.

Propylene oxide produced by the co-oxidation of isobutane and propylene can further produce 1,4-butanediol, an important organic and fine chemical raw material.

2) Isobutane dehydrogenation to isobutylene. Isobutylene is an important fine chemical raw material in China, widely used in chemical, rubber and other fields, and with the rapid development of China's fine chemicals, the market demand for isobutylene is also growing rapidly. Isobutane dehydrogenation technology may become the main way to solve the shortage of isobutylene resources in China.

In addition, the dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutylene has become one of the main ways to produce isobutylene resources abroad.

Isobutane dehydrogenation includes isobutane anaerobic dehydrogenation and isobutane catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation, of which isobutane anaerobic dehydrogenation has been produced on a large scale abroad, while catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation is still in the laboratory stage. At present, the isobutane dehydrogenation units under construction in China are all using foreign technology, and the domestic technology is still in the laboratory stage, among which the research of catalyst is an urgent problem to be solved by domestic chemical research institutions.

3) Isobutane is oxidized and other methods to produce dimethyl carbonate. Isobutane needs to be oxidized to produce peroxide, and then undergo dehydration, secondary oxidation, hydroxylation and other reactions under the action of a catalyst, and the final product is dimethyl carbonate. Its dimethyl carbonate is an intermediate in organic synthesis and an important raw material for the development of "green" chemical industry.

4) Isobutane is prepared by ammonia oxidation catalysis to prepare methacrylonitrile or methacrylic acid. The production process of this technology is environmentally friendly and is gradually attracting more and more attention. Methacrylonitrile is an important synthetic raw material, and methyl methacrylate can be obtained by hydrolysis and esterification, which is used to produce polymer materials.

In addition, isobutane can produce aerosols, accelerators, polyethylene polymerizers, polyethylene foaming agents, refrigerants, etc. in fine chemicals. Among them, refrigerants are gradually replacing Freon as an important refrigerant in refrigerators, air conditioners and other fields.

Due to the concern about the ozone layer depletion caused by freon in recent years, the use of isobutane as an alternative to freon has gradually increased. Isobutane can be used as a refrigerant in commercial refrigerators and freezers, or as a compressed gas in nebulizers. Isobutane is numbered R600A when used as a refrigerant.

Applications of isobutylene.

Isobutylene is increasingly used in chemical industry, such as methyl methacrylate, butyl rubber, polybutene, tert-butylamine, diisobutylene, triisobutyl aluminum, neopentyl acid, methylchloropropylene, p-tert-butyltoluene, tert-butyl substituted phenols, isoprene, etc.

At present, the annual production capacity of high-purity isobutylene in China is very small, only 43kt, and the proportion of isobutylene consumed as a chemical is obviously low, resulting in a waste of isobutylene resources.

5) Isobutane.

At present, the isobutane produced by refineries and oil fields is mainly used in foreign countries, which is mainly used for the production of propylene oxide by co-oxidation, the production of isobutylene by dehydrogenation, and the production of aromatic hydrocarbons by aromatization.

Propylene oxide can be produced by isobutane and propylene co-oxidation to produce tert-butanol in parallel, of which propylene oxide is a low-cost raw material for the production of 1,4-butanediol. Due to the constraints of the raw material ** and co-product tert-butanol market, in recent years, the newly built propylene oxide plants mostly use ethylbenzene and propylene co-oxidation method.

Isobutane dehydrogenation to isobutylene is one of the main competing technologies to solve the shortage of isobutylene, including isobutane anaerobic dehydrogenation and isobutane catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation. Oxygen-free dehydrogenation produces isobutylene, and several processes have been industrialized. Oxidative dehydrogenation technology is still in the research stage, and there is no breakthrough due to the constraints of catalyst selectivity.

Due to the advantages of cost and environmental protection, the selection of isobutane oxidation to produce methyl methacrylate has recently attracted a lot of attention. Elfatochem and Sumitomo of Japan have made some progress in the production process of methyl methacrylate using isobutane as raw material, but no breakthrough has been made.

Isobutane is used in fine chemicals such as aerosol accelerator, polyethylene foaming agent, refrigerant, etc., and has been developed as a substitute for refrigerator refrigerants CFC-12 and HFC-134A in recent years.

The aromatization of liquefied petroleum gas with C4 and C4 alkanes as the main components to produce benzene, toluene and xylene is also one of the important ways for the chemical utilization of C4 alkanes. At present, there are four industrialized C4 hydrocarbon aromatization processes abroad, and the raw materials used are mainly C4 hydrocarbon mixtures, and some progress has been made in domestic research.

Methane is used as a fuel and is the main component of natural gas, and carbon black can be obtained by pyrolysis.

It is used as an additive for pigments, inks, paints and rubber, and can also be used as a carbon source for vapor chemical deposition of solar cells and amorphous silicon films, as well as as a raw material for the production of pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis.

Methane is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH and molecular weight of. Methane is the simplest organic matter and the least carbonaceous hydrocarbon. Methane is widely distributed in nature and is the main component of natural gas, biogas, pit gas, etc., commonly known as gas.

It can be used as a fuel and in the production of hydrogen, carbon black, carbon monoxide.

Raw materials for acetylene, hydrocyanic acid and formaldehyde.

Among the halogenation of methane, chlorination and bromination are mainly included. The reaction between methane and fluorine is a large amount of exothermic, once the reaction occurs, a large amount of heat is difficult to remove, destroying the generated fluoromethane, and only carbon and hydrogen fluoride are obtained.

Therefore, the direct fluorination reaction is difficult to achieve, and the positive group needs to be split with a noble gas.

Dilute. The reaction between iodine and methane requires a high activation energy, and the reaction is difficult to carry out unscrupulously. Therefore, iodine cannot directly substitute with methane to produce methyl iodomethane. But its reverse reaction is very easy to carry out.

The use of ethane is to crack to make ethylene and refrigerants.

In the chemical industry, ethane is mainly used to produce ethylene by steam cracking. When mixed with steam and heated to a high temperature of 900 degrees Celsius or above, heavy hydrocarbons are cracked into light hydrocarbons, and alkanes become olefins. It can also be used as a refrigerant in refrigeration facilities.

In scientific research, liquid ethane is used in electron microscopy to make samples with high water content and skin transparent.

Brief introduction. Ethane is the second member of the same series of alkanes, which is the simplest hydrocarbon containing carbon-carbon single bonds. The structural formula is CH3CH3. Ethane is found in some natural gas at 5% to 10%, second only to methane.

and is present in petroleum in a dissolved state.

A brief history of research. 1834 Michael Faraday.

For the first time, ethane was made using the method of electrolysis of potassium acetate. He mistakenly believed that the product of this reaction was methane, so he did not continue his research.

Between 1847 and 1849 Adolf Wilhelm Hermann.

Colbe and Edward Frankland used potassium in their efforts to maintain the theory of organic chemistry.

Ethane is produced by reducing propionitrile and ethyl iododide and by electrolysis of acetate. But they mistakenly thought that the product of these reactions was a methyl radical.

Instead of methyl dimeric ethane.

This error was corrected in 1864 by Karl Schaulema, who proved that the product of all these reactions was ethane.

First, the storage method is different.

1. Isobutane: It mainly exists in natural gas, refinery gas and cracking gas, which is obtained by physical separation, etc., and can also be prepared by isomerization of n-butane. Call.

2. Butane: exists in oilfield gas, wet natural gas and cracking gas, such as petrochemical light oil cracking to ethylene unit.

Second, the role is different.

1. Isobutane: It is mainly used to hydrocarbonize with isobutylene to isooctane, as an improver for gasoline octane number. It can also be used as a refrigerant.

2. Butane: In addition to being directly used as fuel and refrigerant, it is widely used to prepare a variety of organic synthesis raw materials, such as butene and butadiene can be made by dehydrogenation; Isobutane can be produced by isomerization; Through catalytic oxidation, maleic anhydride, acetic acid, etc. can be produced.

Third, the characteristics are different.

1. Isobutane: boiling point 12 °C (lit), melting point 160 °C(lit.).)

2. Butane: melting point, boiling point.

Encyclopedia Butane gas.

Encyclopedia Isobutane.

1 Pinyin 2 English references.

3 GB number.

4 CAS number.

5 Chinese name.

6 English name.

7 Alternative names for isobutane.

8 Molecular Formula.

9 Appearance and character.

10 molecular weight.

11 Vapor pressure.

12 flash point.

13 melting point.

14 boiling point.

15 Solubility.

16 density.

17 Stability.

18 Hazard Markings.

19 Main Uses.

20 Health Hazards.

21 Toxicological data and environmental behavior.

22 Laboratory monitoring methods.

23 Environmental Standards.

24 Emergency treatment of leakage.

25 Precautions.

26 First Aid Measures.

yì dīng wán

isobutane

2methylpropane

Isobutane. isobutane；2methylpropane

2 methylpropane.

c4h10；（ch3）3ch

Colorless, slightly odorous gas.

Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ether.

relative density (water 1); Relative density (air 1).

Stable. 4 (flammable gas).

It is used in dyes, chemical synthesis of Zhishi Ling refrigerant, synthetic rubber, aviation gasoline, lighting.

Route of invasion: Inhalation.

Health hazards: It has weak properties and anesthetic effects.

Hazard characteristics: flammable gas. Mixed with air can form a first-class mixture, and there is a danger of burning when exposed to heat sources and open flames. It reacts violently in contact with the oxidizing agent. Its vapors are heavier than air and can diffuse to a considerable distance at a lower level, causing back-ignition when exposed to an open flame.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Gas chromatography, refer to Handbook of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Chromatographic Analysis), Chemical Industry Press.

Former Soviet Union (1975) Workshop hygiene standard 300mg m3

Quickly evacuate the personnel in the leakage contaminated area to the upwind area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access and access. Cut off the source of fire. Emergency responders are advised to wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and firefighting protective clothing.

Cut off the source of the leak as much as possible. Cover the sewer near the leakage point with an industrial covering layer or adsorption absorbent to prevent the gas from entering. Reasonable ventilation to accelerate diffusion.

Spray water dilutes and dissolves. Constructing embankments or digging pits to contain large amounts of wastewater from storage. If possible, the leakage air should be burned out by sending an exhaust fan to an open area or installing an appropriate sprinkler head.

Leaking containers should be properly disposed of, repaired, and inspected before use.

Respiratory protection: No special protection is generally required, but it is recommended to wear a self-priming, filtering gas mask (half mask) in special cases.

Eye protection: Generally, no special protection is required, and safety protective glasses can be worn when exposed to high concentrations.

Body protection: Wear anti-static overalls.

Hand protection: Wear general protective gloves.

Others: Smoking is strictly prohibited on the work site. Avoid repeated contact over a long period of time. Persons must be supervised when entering tanks, confined spaces or other high-concentration areas.

Inhalation: Quickly remove from the scene to fresh air. Keep your airways open. If you have difficulty breathing, give oxygen. If breathing stops, artificial respiration is performed immediately. Medical treatment.