The influence of Confucianism and Taoism on the Wei, Jin, Tang and Song dynasties

From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism was called the Tao of Zhou Confucius because Sima Qian's admiration for Ma Qian of the Zhou Company; The transformation to the "Tao of Confucius and Mencius" is due to the admiration of benevolence and righteousness by later generations.

1. Mencius was the first to put forward the "Tao of Zhou Confucius", and Sima Qian not only had a deep admiration for Zhou Gong, but also took Zhou Gong as a model of "virtue and meritorious service" to learn and emulate.

He included Confucius.

The family", in the "Historical Records" did not hesitate to describe Confucius's achievements in restoring the Zhou rites and compromising the six arts, with its huge pen like a rafter, it played a great role in promoting the way of Zhou Confucius, the unification of the six arts and the spread of the idea of etiquette and music. After Tang Taizong ascended the throne, he used Confucianism as the guiding ideology and governed the country with specific measures of etiquette and music.

2. But in Han Yu's view, this Taoism is mainly the way of "benevolence" and "righteousness" rather than the way of etiquette and music, which is the "way of Zhou Confucius" to "Confucius and Mencius."

"The beginning of the transformation." Since then, the title of "The Way of Confucius and Mencius" has come to the top, and the "Way of Zhou Confucius" has been concealed.

Hello landlord, Cheng Zhu Lixue has become the ruling ideology.

Confucianism was called "The Way of Confucius and Mencius" after the Han and Tang dynasties to the Song Dynasty, and the key to this change should be caused by the relevant factors that occurred in the Song Dynasty. The reason for this change was that Zhu Xi organized and annotated the Four Books, making it a classic of Confucianism, and Cheng Zhu Lixue became the ruling ideology.

The moral outlook (the concept of human nature) in Mencius's thought was greatly admired by Cheng Zhu as "Heavenly Principles", so that the science of science was adapted to the needs of the rulers and became the ruling ideology, and Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Four Books and Chapters and Sentences contains an explanation of Mencius.

With the Song Dynasty as the boundary, the Confucian title changed from "the way of Confucius of Zhou" to "the way of Confucius and Mencius", which raised the status of Mencius.

1. The ideological circles of the Song Dynasty were very active, producing many thinkers represented by Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao brothers and Zhu Xi, and the emergence and maturity of Cheng Zhu Lixue marked the peak stage of the development of Chinese civilization, which had a huge impact on the thoughts and souls of generations of Chinese, and then became the ideological pillar of the entire Eastern world, which was the greatest contribution of the Song Dynasty to China in the past three hundred years.

2. "Cheng Zhu Lixue" is the crystallization of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and Zhu Xi's thought of learning and rolling He has been circulated for a long time. As a thinker and educator of the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi brought Confucianism into full play during the politically weak years of the Xianglian Song Dynasty. The continuation and development of Confucianism in the later period also proves that Zhu Xi's thought in the Song Dynasty was the peak of the development of Confucianism.

Answer]: The Central Plains Confucianists of the Song Dynasty were particularly famous for Shao Yong, who moved to the Central Plains from Hebei, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi from Song County, and Xu Heng, who were from Hanoi. Shao Yong, Ercheng, Zhou Dunyi, and Zhang Zai are collectively known as the "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty".

Shao Yong has studied the Book of Changes, and is the author of "The Emperor's Classics", "Yichuan Kik Collection", "Fisherman's Question" and so on. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi are collectively known as "Ercheng", and their doctrine Cheng "Luoxue", the two of them studied in Zhou Dunyi, and put forward the propositions of "benevolence-based", "heaven's reason" and "only the heart is the sky, and the knowledge is the sky". It is believed that "reason" is the origin of all things, and "poor reason" is to find out the principle of filial piety in human society, pointing out "Gewu" and "Zhizhi", requiring people to be peaceful and to know, and sincerity to be prudent and peaceful in the world.

Ercheng's remarks and writings were compiled by later generations into the "Ercheng Quanshu" and handed down. Some scholars believe that Cheng Hao's thought is the source of Lu Jiuyuan's "study of the mind", and Cheng Yi's thought is the source of Zhu Xi's "science". Xu Heng had a great influence on the spread of science in the Song Dynasty, and after his death, he was awarded the honor of enshrined in the Confucian Temple.

Xu Heng's academic purpose is generally based on Zhu Xi's learning, emphasizing the order of further study and practice. In terms of learning methods, he emphasized "careful thinking", thinking that everything can be attributed to the word "thinking" according to what he sees, what he hears, and "thinking is innocent". On the issue of reason, he thought that the heavenly principle was in the human heart, and he thought that he could obtain the heavenly principle by seeking the original heart.

The appearance of Cheng Zhu Lixue is to preserve the principles of heaven and destroy people's desires. Tianli is the feudal system.

The mainstream of Confucianism during the Song and Ming dynasties was (buried roughly).

a.Zen. b.Science.

c.Psychiatry. d.Divinity.

Correct answer to the case of the bend to accompany the town: b