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Episode 12 Han Meng's Poetry School.

Han Yu is a native of Mengxian County, Henan Province (Han Yu Tomb). He was an essayist and poet of Chinese literature in the Tang Dynasty, and he was a powerful figure. The Guwen Movement advocated by him played a role in reversing the trend of liberating and expanding the ability of Chinese language to express itself.

He was a master of language, and he wrote articles advocating that "only the words should be spoken", that is, to avoid using unfamiliar words. From this proposition, he coined many words that are refreshing. Such as "hateful face", "depressed", "uneven and loud", "bow down to the ear", "wagging the tail and begging for mercy" and so on.

These words are vivid and vivid, and they are still used today.

Li Du's article is in, and the light is long. I don't know if the group is stupid, so slander and hurt! The grasshopper shakes the tree, which is ridiculous and ......Transfer).

It is just to say here that Li Bai and Du Fu are both great poets, and the ignorant child deliberately belittles Li Bai, but he is like an ant who wants to shake a big tree. But when Han Yu wrote it like this, there was a shocking power.

Li Bai is a madman, but Li Bai's madness is to look at all authority with a disdainful smile; Han Yu's madness was to walk into the crowd and roar out an extraordinary sound, so that everyone couldn't help but turn around to look at him. Obviously, Han Yu's indispensability, although he is out of his nature, always makes people feel a little excessive. Vertical rent.

Han Yu is the most outstanding prose writer in literature, and it is naturally impossible not to apply the writing technique of prose to poetry, that is, not to pursue the contraction of poetry, but to appreciate the prose beauty of poetry. The introduction of prose cultural tendencies into poetry, that is, the so-called "text as poetry" such as resistance.

Mr. Tamagawa: In Luocheng, there are only a few dilapidated houses. One slave has no beard and no head, and one [maid] is barefoot and toothless. He worked hard to support more than 10 people, including loving relatives and ...... wivesSend Lu Tong").

Not to mention that "a few broken houses are just a few rooms" is a pure prose sentence, but also with such imaginary words, that is, the other sentences are also scattered culture, and from the word order, they are all in line with the habits of colloquialism. However, this kind of straightforward and plain prose sentence has a unique kind of chic and comfortable, and it makes people feel intimate when reading.

The mountain stone is indeed slight, and the bats fly to the temple at dusk. Ascension to the hall to sit on the steps of the new rain foot, plantain leaves and large branches [ gardenia ] seed fertilizer. The monk said that the ancient wall Buddha painting is good, and the fire is used to illuminate what is seen.

Make the bed and put the soup on the mat, and the coarse [sparse] rice is enough to satisfy my hunger. Lying quietly in the middle of the night, the moon rises out of the mountain and the light enters the door. Tianming goes alone and has no road, and goes in and out of the high and low and poor.

The mountains are red and green, and the pine trees are all around. When the stream steps barefoot on the rocks, the sound of the water stirs the wind and blows the clothes. Life is so self-reliant, how can it be a constraint for others.

The second and third sons of our party, will they return to old age?

Episode 15 New Title

The New Yuefu School movement was initiated by Yuan Zhi and Bai Juyi in the early ninth century. However, before the official rise of this movement, Zhang Ji and Wang Jian, who were a few years older, were already writing this type of poetry.

Zhang Ji and Han Yu, the leader of the strange and dangerous poetry school, and Bai Juyi, the representative of the Xin Yuefu movement, are all good friends. Many of his Yuefu poems also borrow ancient titles. For example, "Dong Escape" is.

However, although it is borrowed from ancient titles, it is written about current affairs, which is the same as Bai Juyi's "Xin Yuefu":

The fire at the head of Luoyang City is lacking in fiber, and the rebels burn my heavenly womb. There is a deep mountain in the south of Miyagi, and all the old and young are hidden in it. Chongyan is the house oak, and Ding Nan waits for news at night. I heard that the officials and soldiers were still plundering people, and the old ones could not be returned now. Dong escaped, when will the Han family be peaceful!

Luoyang was the eastern capital of the Tang Dynasty and was twice captured by rebels during the Anshi Rebellion. In this tug-of-war, the suffering of the common people can be imagined. The most bitter thing is that the official army is no better than the rebel army:

The rebels were killed and retreated, "Ding Nan traveled at night to wait for news" - the young man came down the mountain at night to inquire about the news, but what he heard was that "the official army is still plundering people" The official army is still looting things and arresting the master. 】

Zhang Yanghao, a writer of loose songs in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "Sadly, the Qin and Han dynasties, the palace and thousands of rooms have been made of soil. Xing, the people suffer; Death, the people suffer!

Whether it is the person who is becoming the emperor who loses the throne, or the person who wants to be the emperor wins the throne, it is the common people who suffer.

Zhang Ji also has many Yuefu poems, which are based on the content of the poems. Like "Asking for Women's Grievances":

In September, the Xiongnu killed the border generals, and the Han army was completely wiped out of Liaoshui. No one collects white bones for thousands of miles, and every family is buried under the city. The woman relied on her son and her husband, and lived together in poverty and comfort. The husband is dead on the battlefield, and the concubine is like a candle in the day!

The metaphor of "day candle" is very apt. In feudal society, a woman obeys her father before she marries, her husband after she marries, and her son when her husband dies. This is the so-called "three slaves" Now the woman's husband died in battle, and it is not known whether the fetus in the womb is male or female, and even if it is a boy, it will not be relied on at all for more than ten years.

In life, she has completely lost the basis for survival, isn't it like a day candle - a candle lit during the day, depleting herself little by little, and meaningless to others.

The language of Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems is as shallow and popular as Bai Juyi's "New Yuefu", but it is closer to colloquial language and has a folk song flavor. For example, the first two sentences of this poem "The Huns killed the border generals in September, and the Han army did not imitate the Liaoshui Sparrows" and the first two sentences of the aforementioned "Dong Escape" "Luoyang City Head Fire and Troubled Soldiers Burn My Heavenly Palace" The word order is completely close to the oral habits.

Written by Fan Xiuzhang, a scholar and translator of classical literature, graduated from the Department of Western Languages of Peking University in 1957 and worked at Beijing Foreign Language Bookstore (China Book Import and Export Corporation) and Ningxia University. The main translations of "Faust", "Selected Poems of Goethe" and "Selected Poems of Zweig" are all published by Yilin Publishing House

Selected Essays of the Late Tang Dynasty" Published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Fan Xiuzhang, the writer of "Tang Zhiyun", is a scholar and translator of classical literature, he is immersed in the ancient rhyme of Tang poetry, flowing with poetic light and profound thoughts, which has laid a solid foundation for this film, and as a translator, his translation of Goethe's famous work "Faust" has been reprinted six times by Yilin Publishing House. Who is Mr. Fan? The few people who have watched "Yin and Yang" will probably not notice that in its end credits, there is a "literary consultant" Fan Xiuzhang, who is this Mr. Fan, a scholar at Peking University in the 50s, who was branded as a "rightist" and went to Ningxia to translate "Faust" on the farm with cigarette box manuscript paper.

The recent sensational TV series "Tang Zhiyun" was also written by Mr. Fan. A Tang poem at the end of each episode is a Tang poem recited in a child's voice Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er Envoy to Guanxi": persuade the gentleman to have a glass of wine, and there is no one in Yangguan in the west - the farewell of sympathy for each other, cool and tranquil, is still within reach.

Presumably, Mr. Fan intends to use such a lightweight state of mind to bid farewell to the Tang Dynasty, to bid farewell to more than 3,600 poets, and to bid farewell to his 70 years of exile.