The special theory of relativity proves the idea, and both the general theory of relativity and the

I suggest you go to "Feynman on the Theory of Relativity", which is very detailed. I had almost forgotten about the special theory of relativity that I had studied last semester, but if I were to prove it now, I would first think of the two most basic assumptions: the invariance of the speed of light and the principle of relativity.

You can first prove that the time of motion slows down, construct a clock, which is made up of two plates, with light in the middle from one plate to two plates, and when the clock moves, calculate the change in time interval based on the constant speed of light and simple geometric knowledge.

Similar ideas can be continued, such as the change of the length of one dimension can lead to the Lorenz transform, in short, two points: the speed of light is constant, the principle of relativity.

The principle of invariance of the speed of light and the principle of relativity are the basic assumptions in special relativity. The basic hypothesis is not deduced from the existing theory, it is a hypothesis, the most basic theory, and then other theories and phenomena in the special theory of relativity are deduced, if these deduced theories and phenomena are in line with the experiment, then the correctness of the basic hypothesis can be proved to some extent.

The speed of light is invariant in any frame of reference, which physicists measured experimentally before the special theory of relativity was proposed, and then the basic assumption that the speed of light does not change. However, some people say that the definite speed of light can be calculated from Maxwell's equations, and the specific derivation process is not very clear, but if Maxwell's equations are not free from the limitation of the ether, then it is different from the relativity of the speed of light. Because the speed of propagation of a wave is calculated relative to its propagation medium, if Maxwell's equations do not completely abandon the propagation medium, the ether, then the calculated speed of light constant does not prove the speed of light invariance theorem.

The principle of relativity can be said to be a bit philosophical, and there is no fixed law to be deduced, so to speak, it can be said that the experience gained from countless phenomena can be said.

Many of the best phenomena of the theory of relativity have been verified by actual observations, such as the synthetic theorem of its velocity, the gravitational redshift and the mass-energy equation derived from it, etc. (these can be easily deduced by mathematical principles, the mathematical properties of relativity are not very complex, it is different from the Lorentz transform that solved this problem in the same era, and the theory of relativity is mainly from the perspective of phenomenon observation rather than mathematical calculation).

There are also places where the theory of relativity is not applicable, for example, the quantization of the gravitational field and the general theory of relativity are not harmonious, and in some "singular spaces" such as black holes, many physical theorems are no longer applicable, including the theory of relativity.

There are a bunch of things in special relativity that can only be proved separately

The speed of light does not change, and then we use the basic principles of geometry and physics to prove it

Explain the Michelson-Morey experiment – Explain the aether model – Explain the nature of space – Explain the structure of celestial bodies – Explain the structure of the universe. In the end, it turned out that the theory of relativity was completely wrong. There is no theoretical or experimental evidence to support the theory of relativity.

Knowing the nature, structure, and laws of operation of the universe, the theory of relativity is naturally explained.

The speed of light in a vacuum is constant c in either direction with respect to any inertial frame and is independent of the light source motion. 2. Lorentz transform: The laws of physics in different inertial frames must remain unchanged under the Lorentz transform.

The spatiotemporal coordinate transformation under different inertial frames is a linear transformation. 3. The four-dimensional space-time form of the theory of relativity: time and space are unified in the complex four-dimensional space, and the transformation of the inertial frame of reference - the Lorentz transform is comparable.

Rotation in four-dimensional space. 1. Physical quantities (scalars, vectors, and tensors of various orders) with definite transformation properties under the Lorentz transform are called covariates. 2. The moving light source satisfies the Doppler effect of the relativistic theory and the formula of optical travel difference.

3. The equation of the physical law adopts the four-dimensional form of covariance, which can meet the requirements of the principle of relativity. 4. Relativistic invariance of electrodynamics. 5. Relativistic mechanics:

1. The laws of relativistic mechanics must satisfy the covariance of the Lorentz transform. 2. When the velocity v " c then relativistic mechanics should make a reasonable transition to classical mechanics. 6. Mass-energy formula:

e=mc^2。(Special relativity is for inertial frames, and general relativity is for non-inertial frames.) The principle of equivalence is satisfied, and the general theory of relativity can be applied. ）

The special theory of relativity, which is suitable for objects moving at constant velocity. General relativity, which covers accelerating objects and explains how gravity works, was developed 10 years after the special theory of relativity was proposed, and is considered to be Einstein's truly unique insight. General relativity is Einstein's theory of gravity established in geometric language, which integrates the special theory of relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, and redescribes gravity as space-time bent by matter and energy in space-time, replacing the traditional view that gravity is a force.

Therefore, both the special theory of relativity and the law of universal gravitation are special cases of the general theory of relativity in special cases. Special relativity is the case in the absence of gravity; The law of gravitation, on the other hand, is the case when the distance is close, the gravitational force is small, and the speed is slow.

Special Relativity: Can It Reveal the Mysteries of Space and Time? One minute will take you to understand the special theory of relativity.

Special relativity mainly refers to the Lorentz transform and some of its derived results, such as the slowing down of time and the shortening of the ruler, which have been confirmed in the high-speed collision test of microscopic particles.

General relativity is primarily a theory about gravitational fields, and one of the corollaries is that light rays deflect as they pass around objects with a large mass. This phenomenon was confirmed by astronomical observations by a team of British physicists shortly after the general theory of relativity was proposed.