How do black holes come about? How are black holes formed?

The creation of a black hole is similar to that of a neutron star: the core of the star contracts rapidly under the influence of its own gravity, resulting in a strong force**. When all the matter in the core turns into neutrons, the contraction process immediately stops, and the star is compressed into a dense star, as well as the space and time inside.

But in the case of black holes, because the mass of the star's core is so large that the contraction process goes on endlessly, the neutrons themselves are crushed into powder by the attraction of the squeezing gravity itself, leaving behind a matter of unimaginably high density. The force generated due to the high quality is such that any object that comes close to it will be sucked into it. The black hole begins to devour the outer shell of the star, but the black hole cannot swallow so much matter, the black hole releases a part of the matter, shooting out two pure energy bursts - ray bursts.

This can also be understood in this simple way: usually stars initially contain only hydrogen, and the hydrogen atoms inside the star collide with each other and fuse all the time. Due to the massive mass of stars, the energy produced by fusion competes with the gravitational pull of the stars to maintain the stability of the star structure.

As a result of fusion, the internal structure of the hydrogen atom eventually changes, ruptures and forms a new element, helium. Then, the helium atoms also participate in fusion, changing the structure and forming lithium. By analogy, according to the order of the periodic table, beryllium elements, boron elements, carbon elements, nitrogen elements, etc. will be produced in turn.

Until iron is generated, the star will collapse.

This is due to the fact that iron is quite stable and cannot participate in fusion, and iron is present inside the star, causing the star to not have enough energy inside the star to compete with the gravitational pull of the massive star, which triggers the collapse of the star and the supernova**. ** Causes some matter to erupt into space, and they will march inexorably towards the center point until they become an infinitely small and dense star. And when its radius shrinks to a certain point, the mass-induced distortion of space-time makes it impossible for even light to shoot outward—black holes form.

Black holes evolve from stars with masses several times greater than the Sun***. The surface of a black hole is called the event horizon, which is the limit that can be observed by the line of sight. There is a singularity inside, which is infinitely small in size, infinite in gravitational force, infinite in mass, and infinite in energy.

Of course, this is only theoretical, because we have not yet observed it. Black hole.

How are black holes formed?

Speaking of black holes, many friends are familiar with it, the very mysterious celestial bodies in the universe are also very difficult to observe celestial bodies, when the theory of black holes was first proposed, many scientists still questioned it, after all, it was not observed, but now, black holes have been photographed**.

Black holes are also celestial bodies in nature because there are different types of black holes, and each type of black hole has a different process of formation. Take a stellar black hole as an example to illustrate the formation process of a black hole.

Stellar black holes are created by the gravitational collapse of a massive enough star after it runs out of fuel for a nuclear fusion reaction.

The stars that can form black holes are all massive stars, and they all go through the stage of the main sequence star first. The first is the black hole formed after the massive star quickly ends its main sequence stage, the original mass of such stars is usually more than 30 times the mass of the sun, and their interior is undergoing violent nuclear fusion reactions, usually from hydrogen fusion to iron in tens of millions or even millions of years, the larger the star becomes a black hole.

When iron begins to be generated in the interior of the star through nuclear fusion, it means that the main sequence stage of the star is over, because the fusion of iron is not to release energy, but to absorb energy, which will cause the radiation pressure inside the star to resist the star's own gravity to disappear, then the huge pressure caused by the star's gravity (gravity) will be squeezed towards the center in an instant, and the center of the star is a sluggish iron core that cannot continue to produce nuclear fusion reactions. When the stellar material hits the iron core, while bringing huge kinetic energy to the core, the material will rush out of the star in the opposite direction at almost the same speed as the impact velocity, and the star will undergo an incomparably incomparable implosion, which is a supernova explosion.

When the supernova explodes, a large number of superheavy elements (elements heavier than iron) are generated, and when the high temperature and pressure in the center reaches a certain level, even neutrons will be crushed, and the entire star core will contract violently, and a black hole will be formed at this moment, which is the most common way of forming black holes in the universe.

According to the law of gravitation, the smaller the radius, the stronger the gravitational pull. A black hole shrinks into a dot, making its surface gravitational pull so strong that even the light around it cannot escape, hence the name "black hole".

In the universe, a star can only eventually evolve into a black hole if the mass of the remaining stellar nucleus after a supernova explosion is greater than 3 times the mass of the Sun (known as the "Oppenheimer-Volkov limit"). The corresponding star has a mass of about 7 times the mass of the Sun.

Black holes are created by the gravitational collapse of a massive enough star after it runs out of fuel for a nuclear fusion reaction and dies.

1. The reason for the formation of a black hole is more like a neutron star, which occurs when a star is about to die**, and the matter in the core is compressed into a dense body, and the internal space and time are compressed at the same time to become a black hole. A black hole is a very dense substance, not only does it have a strong gravitational pull, but the event horizon escapes faster than the speed of light.

2. The cause of the formation of black holes is more similar to the generation process of neutron stars, which occurs when a star is about to die. Stars contract rapidly under the influence of gravity in the universe, and then **, when all the matter in the core is compressed into neutrons, the contraction of the star will also stop immediately. Stars that stop shrinking are compressed into dense stars, and the matter in the core is compressed into dense shapes, compressing the space and time inside the star, thus forming black holes.

A black hole is a high-quality, high-density substance that generates force that can suck anything that comes close to it in.

3. A black hole is a very dense substance, a naturally formed celestial body in the universe, which not only has a strong gravitational force, but also has an event horizon escape speed greater than the speed of light. A black hole is a celestial body with a curvature of space-time that makes it impossible for light to escape, so a black hole is black because it sucks light in. The creation process of a black hole is similar to the creation process of a neutron star, when a star is about to perish, its core will quickly shrink, collapse, and even become strong under the action of its own movement.

When a star is about to die, white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes are formed according to the difference in their mass, which are arranged according to the mass of the star from smallest to largest. In other words, not all stars die to form black holes, and only more massive stars become black holes after they die. The death of stars, like their birth, collapses under their own gravity.

This collapse creates new stars at the time of star birth and black holes at death.

We all know that matter is made up of molecules, and molecules are made of atoms, but atoms are not the smallest substances, and there are nuclei in atoms, and there is a substance called neutrons in the nucleus. Yes, matter is like that, layered on top of each other, like matryoshka dolls, small substances are constantly layered to form large substances, and large substances continue to be layered to form new substances. After the death of a star, it will continue to collapse, but to what extent will this collapse stop?

It is only when the matter in the core of the star becomes neutrons that the contraction and collapse stop.

It is precisely because the core becomes such a small substance that the star eventually becomes an extremely dense celestial body. However, due to the extreme mass of some stars, even if their cores become neutrons, this compression process cannot be stopped, just like eating Xuanmai. Because of this continuous compression, the repulsion between the neutrons and the neutrons cannot stop it, so the neutrons eventually turn into powder, and the result of this compression is the formation of a particularly dense matter, which is what we call a black hole.

Scientists are also studying the formation of black holes.

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Analysis: Black holes.

black hole

A celestial body predicted by the general theory of relativity. A star with a mass more than 8 times larger than the Sun is generally left behind by a supernova explosion.

Two or three solar-mass nuclei will have no force to stop it from continuing to collapse. When its radius is less than the gravitational radius Rg 2gm C2 (g is the gravitational constant, c is the speed of light, and m is the mass of the celestial body), no matter or high-call radiation can escape and become a black hole. The properties of a black hole are characterized by three parameters, namely the mass m, the angular momentum j, and the charge q.

When j q 0, it is a spherically symmetric Schwarzschild black hole; When q 0, it is an axisymmetric Kerr black hole. The nature of black holes makes it difficult to detect them. If the gas falling towards the black hole has a large angular momentum, it should rotate around the black hole in orbit, forming a gas disk.

Thermal energy is generated by the friction between adjacent layers in the gas disk due to the viscosity of the gas, and theoretical calculations show that the gas disk should have a very high temperature and produce radiation in the X-ray band. On the other hand, the mass of the black hole should be greater than the upper limit of the mass of the neutron star Qi Xikai, and it is the binary star system that can accurately determine the mass. Therefore, the most promising ones to find black holes are massive X-ray binary stars, especially Cygnid X-1.

This is an X-ray variable source that has an optical counterpart from the spectrum of this magnitude 9 supergiant that derives periodic changes in radial velocity, suggesting the existence of an invisible companion star. It is further calculated that its mass is greater than 4 solar masses, most likely 8 solar masses, which is greater than the upper limit of neutron stars 2 3 solar masses; Another promising black hole candidate is the Large Magellanic Cloud X-3, which is also an X-ray binary star in which the mass of the invisible object is also 8 solar mass.

There are not only countless planets, asteroids, comets, etc., but also many invisible and intangible materials in the universeFor example, black holes, which are feared by all planets, and there are many substances that scientists have not discovered so far, and the formation of black holes is actually very similar to the creation process of neutron stars, so let's talk about it today.

First of all, let's talk about the substance of black holes, which is an existence with a very strong devouring force, the larger the volume, the greater the devouring force, the planet can be swallowed, just like a bottomless pit, although it cannot be seen at present, but it can be determined that there is a super black hole in the center of no galaxy, which is to provide a strong gravitational force for all planets, to ensure that their normal orbit will not collide, etc.; Of course, the devouring power of black holes actually has many effects, and it can devour the universeWaste, reduce the occurrence of accidents in the universe, otherwise it is estimated that there are events such as star collisions in the universe every moment of every day.

Even Hawking speculated that black holes were likely to be the medium through which humans successfully traversed, but they were too dangerousIn fact, the formation of this black hole is very similar to the creation of neutron starsWhen a planet in the universe is preparing for its demise, its core will begin to shrink rapidly, and slowly accumulating will eventually lead to **, which is also the origin of the "Great ** Doctrine", which happens every moment in the universe.

According to scientific observations, the core of the planet has been found to be neutrons, and then it will be compressed into a very compact body in a very short period of timeThere is already a lot of energy here, and after the planet, these forms will not be broken and still existAnd then because of its very large mass, it will have a very large attraction and suck in all the objects around it, which will form a black hole.

The formation of black holes: They are caused by the gravitational collapse of a massive enough star after it runs out of fuel for the fusion reaction and dies.

The creation of a black hole is similar to that of a neutron star: when a star is preparing to perish, the core of a star rapidly shrinks and collapses under the force of its own gravity. When all the matter in the core turns into neutrons, the contraction process immediately stops, and it is compressed into a dense star, which also compresses the space and time inside.

But in the case of black holes, the mass of the star's core is so large that the contraction process goes on endlessly, and even the repulsion between neutrons cannot be stopped. The neutrons themselves are crushed into powder by the attraction of the squeezing gravity itself, leaving behind a material of unimaginably high density. The gravitational pull due to the high quality is such that any object that comes close to it will be sucked into it.