-
The UK is a typical "pollute first, clean up later" country in the world. The UK's pollution control process has lasted more than 100 years, and there have been notable achievements. The main practices are:
1.More than 10 laws, including the River Ordinance, have been passed to control environmental pollution in accordance with the law.
2.Formulate and implement a national air quality strategy, which requires all cities in the country to conduct air quality assessments.
3.Curb environmental pollution through industrial restructuring. Develop knowledge- and technology-intensive industries that pollute the environment less, and transfer heavy chemical industries to newly industrialized and developing countries.
-
Summary. The fourth stage is the low-carbon development phase (2001 to the present), when London's air quality has improved dramatically compared to the 50s of the 20th century, with SO2 and black smoke concentrations declining respectively.
How did they manage to reduce pollutant concentrations by 80% in the first decade since London started tackling pollution?
The fourth stage is the low-carbon development phase (2001 to the present), when London's air quality has improved dramatically compared to the 20th century and 50s, and the concentration of SO2 and black filial piety smoke has decreased respectively.
What is the reason why vehicles in Los Angeles are on the rise, but pollutant emissions are declining?
All car emissions create smog, it's just a matter of more or less. Whether it is the United Kingdom, France or the United States, there will also be smog, but it is only a matter of light or severe, and the news reports of smog in Britain, France, Germany and other countries are not once or twice. According to statistics, every 1,000 cars emit up to 50-150kg of nitrogen oxides every day, and the pollutants emitted by mobile pollution sources such as car shelters in Los Angeles have accounted for 90% of the total pollutants in the atmosphere
First, they have high requirements for automobile emission standards; Second, the quality of the dipstick resistant products is high; Third, they are post-industrialized countries, most of their heavy industry has been transferred, their industrial pollution is less, and their heating is mainly based on natural gas, etc.
-
Of course. At the end of the 19th century, London had about 90 foggy days a year.
Since London has a temperate maritime climate, the air humidity is high and it is prone to fog.
The mid-to-late 19th century coincided with the era of great industrial development in Britain, industrial pollution and residents burned coal, and in the windless season, the smoke and fog mixed into yellow and black, making London often full of smoke, and the lights had to be turned on during the day.
After the 20th century, Londoners vowed to take off the hat of "fog capital", for which a series of actions to control air pollution, now London has rarely such foggy weather, "fog capital" title has not lived up to the name.
China can learn from the clean air measures taken by London, and some are already being implemented.
In 1956, the "Clean Air Act" was enacted for the first time in the United Kingdom, which large-scale renovation of traditional stoves for urban residents to reduce coal use; Central heating in winter; Establish smoke-free zones in cities where the use of smog-producing fuels is prohibited; Large producers of soot pollution——— power plants and heavy industrial facilities were relocated to the suburbs.
In 1968, a Clean Air Act was enacted, requiring industrial companies to build tall chimneys to enhance the evacuation of air pollutants. Bifengkai.
In 1974, the Air Pollution Control Act was introduced, which set a limit on the sulphur content of industrial fuels.
These measures have effectively reduced soot and sulphur dioxide pollution from coal burning.
In 1975, the number of foggy days in London was reduced from a few dozen days a year to 15 days, and in 1980 to five days.
But since the 80s of the 20th century, the number of cars has been increasing, replacing coal as the main source of air pollution in the UK.
At first, people mainly focused on the impact of lead pollution from gasoline on human health, but unleaded gasoline gradually became more and more important.
By the late 80s and early 90s of the last century, other pollutants emitted by automobiles, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and unstable organic compounds, also became the object of close attention.
These substances undergo complex photochemical reactions under the action of ultraviolet rays in sunlight, producing a variety of secondary pollutants mainly ozone, which are called "photochemical smog".
From January 1993, all new cars in the UK** must be fitted with catalytic converters to reduce NOx pollution.
The UK has set quantitative pollution control targets that must be achieved by 2005, requiring reductions in emissions of eight common pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide.
The current levels of respirable particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in London's atmosphere are still above the maximum levels set by the UK's national air quality targets, and these pollutants mainly come from transport.
The City of London** will be heavily supportive of public transport, with the aim of reducing traffic in the city centre by 10 to 15 by 2010.
London will also encourage residents to buy cars with low emissions, promote efficient, clean engine technology and low-polluting cars that run on gas, electricity or fuel cells.
-
Yes, London used to be called the capital of fog.