Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the human body

1.Concept Respiration = biological oxidation.

The organic matter in living organisms undergoes a series of oxidative decomposition within the cell, and finally produces carbon dioxide or other substances.

2.Aerobic respiration.

1) Concept: With the participation of oxygen, the cell thoroughly oxidizes and decomposes organic substances such as sugars through the catalytic action of enzymes, producing carbon dioxide and water, and releasing a large amount of energy at the same time (2) Characteristics: The metabolic process of living cells The participation of aerobic and the catalytic substances of enzymes are completely oxidized, and the final products are water and carbon dioxide.

It can produce a large amount of energy (most of it is thermal energy, and some of it is active chemical energy) (3) Main place: mitochondria (eukaryotes must have mitochondria for aerobic respiration, and prokaryotes can also carry out non-partigopathy) (4) Commonly used substances: glucose is the most commonly used substance for intracellular aerobic respiration (5) Oxidation relationship:

C6H12O6 6H2O 6O2 6CO2 12H2O Energy (6)Detailed process: It can be divided into three steps: Phase 1:

C6H12O6 2 pyruvate is carried out in the cytoplasmic matrix with a small amount of [H] a small amount of energy Stage II: Pyruvate CO2 in large amounts [H] A small amount of energy in the cytoplasmic matrix Stage III: A reaction of [H]O2 H2O in the microchondria (7) in the microchondria.

8) Energy changes.

After oxidation, the chemical energy in glucose is released, and part of it is lost in the form of heat energy, and part of it is stored in ATP molecules.

3.Anaerobic respiration (1) concept.

The process by which cells break down organic substances such as glucose into incomplete oxidation products under anaerobic conditions through the catalysis of enzymes, while releasing a small amount of energy. (2) Characteristics The metabolic process of living cells does not involve oxygen and requires the catalysis of enzymes.

The substance is not completely oxidized, and the final product is an incomplete oxidation product (alcohol, lactic acid) that can produce a small amount of energy (3) Place the cytoplasmic matrix.

Respiration of cells (anaerobic and aerobic).

Anaerobic respiration: refers to the incomplete oxidation of organic matter by living cells. Aerobic respiration: It is the main form of respiration in higher animals and plants.

1. Aerobic respiration refers to the process in which cells thoroughly oxidize and decompose organic substances such as sugars through the catalytic action of enzymes with the participation of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water, and releasing a large amount of energy at the same time. Aerobic respiration is the main form of respiration in higher animals and plants, so what is commonly referred to as respiration refers to aerobic respiration. The main place where cells undergo aerobic respiration is mitochondria.

In general, glucose is the substance most commonly used by cells for aerobic respiration.

2. Anaerobic respiration generally refers to the process in which cells decompose organic substances such as glucose into incomplete oxidation products through the catalytic action of enzymes under the anaerobic (hypoxic) strip, and release a small amount of energy at the same time. For higher plants, higher animals, and humans, this process is called anaerobic respiration.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Analysis: As the name suggests, one aerobic participates and one does not

Aerobic respiration: organic matter is completely broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water that releases a lot of energy

Anaerobic respiration: Plants such as soaking in water, will carry out anaerobic respiration, like a fruit that has been left for a long time, you take it out and have a smell of wine, so the anaerobic respiration of plants produces alcohol.

Animals: For example, when people are engaged in strenuous exercise, they will carry out anaerobic respiration, because the energy produced by aerobic respiration cannot maintain the energy consumed by strenuous exercise, so they need anaerobic respiration to provide energy (such as by muscle glycogen), the product is lactic acid, so there will be a feeling of soreness after strenuous exercise (lactic acid touches the nerve endings) lactic acid also has energy, and he circulates with the blood to the liver and synthesizes liver glycogen. Therefore, after a period of strenuous exercise, people do not feel sore

Also, hepatic glycogen can be converted to glucose, and muscle glycogen cannot be converted to glucose.

The first stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration is the same, and pyruvate is produced to prevent a small amount of energy

The second stage, as described above, is that one completely decomposes and releases a lot of energy, and the other completely dissolves and releases a small amount of energy

The difference between the energy produced by the same organic matter involved in aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration is very large, and aerobic respiration produces much more energy than anaerobic respiration.

The process of aerobic respiration can be divided into three stages, the first stage: the initial breakdown of glucose. In terms of material change:

First, glucose is broken down into pyruvate; Second, a small amount of [h].] is producedIn terms of energy changes, due to the initial decomposition of glucose, a small amount of energy is released, and a small amount of ATP is formedAs we can see from the diagram, the first stage is not carried out in the ** chondria, but in the matrix of the cytoplasm.

Stage 2: Complete decomposition of pyruvate. In terms of material change:

First, pyruvate decomposes to produce CO2; second, to remove the remaining hydrogen at the same time; From the perspective of energy change, a small amount of energy is released to form a small amount of ATPThis step occurs in the stroma of the stroma of the stroma because there are a large number of enzymes involved in the matrix.

The third stage: on the one hand, the [h] taken off in the first two stages is combined into water by a series of substances through a series of substances and oxygen cultivation; On the other hand, in the process of hydrogen transfer, a large amount of ATP is formed. This stage is the most productive and requires the catalytic folding of many enzymes in the inner mitochondrial membrane to expand the area to which these enzymes are attached, so that at the enzyme concentration, the basal particles are formed.

The whole process of anaerobic respiration can be divided into two stages. The first stage is the same as the first stage of aerobic respiration, and the second stage has two different conditions, one is that pyruvate removes a CO2 under the action of certain enzymes, and then combines with the [H] taken off in the first stage to form alcohol, and produces a small amount of energy; The other is that in some plants, due to the different enzymes in the cells, pyruvate directly combines with the [H] taken off in the first stage to form lactic acid (such as the state embryo of corn, the tuber of potato, etc.), and produces a small amount of energy. The site where anaerobic respiration takes place is the cytoplasmic matrix.

Aerobic respiration refers to the process in which cells completely oxidize and decompose organic matter such as glucose through the catalytic action of a variety of enzymes with the participation of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy, and producing many ATPs.

The chemical reaction formula is.

C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 6CO2 + 12H2O + Energy.

Process: It can be divided into three stages.

Phase I: Glucose pyruvate + H + a small amount of energy (cytoplasmic matrix).

Phase II: pyruvate + H2O CO2+ H + small amount of energy (mitochondrial matrix).

Stage 3: H + O2 H2O + Massive Energy (Inner Mitochondrial Membrane).

Anaerobic respiration: Anaerobic respiration refers to the complete or incomplete oxidation of organic carbon compounds, and the electrons removed are transferred to exogenous inorganic oxides (some organic oxides) through part of the electron transport chain and release less energy. Anaerobic respiration is a form of cellular respiration.

1. Place: cytoplasmic matrix.

2. Process: It is divided into two stages.

Stage 1: Glucose pyruvate + h + small amount of energy.

Stage 2: Pyruvate + H alcohol + CO2 or lactate.

3. Total reaction formula: C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2 or C3H6O6+ energy.

Aerobic respiration refers to the process of human respiration under normal circumstances, due to insufficient oxygen during strenuous exercise, the human body performs anaerobic respiration to maintain energy or maintain exercise. Aerobic Respiration: Reactants:

Glucose, Water, Oxygen, Product: Carbon Dioxide, Water, Anaerobic Respiration: Reactant, Glucose, Product: Lactic Acid (Most Animals and Humans) or Alcohol, Carbon Dioxide (Plant).

Aerobic respiration releases a lot of energy, while anaerobic respiration releases a small amount of energy with common intermediates: pyruvate, proton hydrogen, and carbon dioxide in plants.

Connection: The process of glycolysis in the first stage is the same, the essence of both is to break down organic matter to release oxygen.

Aerobic respiration is the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic matrix, and unharmed respiration is only the cytoplasmic matrix.

The conditions are also different: one needs oxygen, one doesn't, and the energy produced is not the same.

Aerobic respiration refers to the process in which plant cells, with the participation of oxygen, completely oxidize and decompose certain organic matter, release carbon dioxide and form water, and release a large amount of energy at the same time.

Anaerobic respiration refers to the complete or incomplete oxidation of organic carbon compounds, and the electrons removed are transferred to exogenous inorganic oxides (some organic oxides) through part of the electron transport chain and release less energy. Anaerobic respiration is a form of cellular respiration.