The establishment of the Eight Banners system, what is the Eight Banners system

The Eight Banners originally originated from the hunting organization of the Manchurian (Jurchen) people, and was the form of military organization of the social life of the Qing Dynasty banner people, as well as the fundamental system of the Qing Dynasty.

In the twenty-ninth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601), Nurhachi reorganized the organization, with Niulu Ezhen, Jiala Ezhen, and Gushan Ezhen as the leaders. At the beginning, the yellow, white, red, and blue four color flags were placed and organized into four flags. In the forty-third year of Wanli (1615), four flags were added with yellow, white, red and blue, and the manuscript system of the eight flags was established.

The Manchurian (Jurchen) society implemented the Eight Banners system, and Ding Zhuang was a soldier in war and a citizen in peacetime, so that his army had extremely strong combat effectiveness.

Nurhachi then set up the Mongolian flag in the Mandate of Heaven, and in the ninth year of Emperor Taiji Tiancong (1635), it was compiled into the Mongolian Eight Banners. Huang Taiji first compiled a Han military flag in the fifth year of Tiancong (1631), and completed the compilation of the eight banners of the Han army in the seventh year of Chongde (1642). Collectively known as the Eight Banners, they commanded the Eight Banners of Manchuria, the Eight Banners of Mongolia, and the Eight Banners of the Han Army, so far the system of the Eight Banners has been perfected.

Before entering the customs, the two flags of the eight banners were directly led by the Khan (emperor), and the other six flags were led by the Khan's sons and nephews. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Dolgon died, and the Shunzhi Emperor was in power, and the Zhengbai Banner under the jurisdiction of Dolgon was returned to the Gaoxing Emperor, so the upper three banners and the lower five banners were formed.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in order to strengthen the military defense, the Eight Banners were stationed in Beijing and other places, until the middle of the 18th century, the Eight Banners camps were finally systematically distributed in the country's military important places, and the permanent stationing was implemented. At the beginning of entering the customs, the Qing court adopted a large-scale "land enclosure" activity, and a large number of fertile land belonging to the people was assigned to the banner people; Exempt the flag man from taxation and servitude. The preferential policies have caused the decadence and parasitism of the banner people, resulting in the abandonment of their descendants, and even the problem of "livelihood".

The Eight Banners system was consistent with the Qing regime, which was not only one of the important factors in the victory of the Qing Dynasty, but also made the Qing Dynasty eventually go to the road of decline and decline.

The Eight Banners are the military organization form of the social life of the banner people of the Qing Dynasty, and it is also the fundamental system of the Qing Dynasty, which was founded by Nurhachi in the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty and disbanded after the fall of the Qing Dynasty. The Eight Banners include the Yellow Flag, the Yellow Flag, the Red Flag, the Red Flag, the White Flag, etc., which are consistent with the Qing regime, which is not only one of the important factors for the Qing Dynasty to win, but also makes the Qing Dynasty eventually go to the road of decline and decline.

The Eight Banners system was the form of social organization of the Manchus in Qing China.

The Jurchens made a career out of hunting. Nurhachi won victories in the war to unify the Jurchen tribes. With the expansion of power and the increase of population, he established four flags of yellow, white, red and blue ridge cherry in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, which were called yellow, white, red and blue, and the flags were all pure colors.

In the 43rd year, in order to meet the needs of the development of the Manchu society, Nurhachi created the Eight Banners system on the basis of the original cattle recording, that is, in addition to the original four flags, the four flags inlaid with yellow, white, red and blue were added. Organize all the people under the jurisdiction of Houjin in the flag.

The Manchurians used this system of military organization to establish the Qing Dynasty. In normal times, people engage in activities such as farming, hunting, etc.; In wartime, they were conscripted into the army, which originated from the Jurchen hunting organization Niu Yan. Family members with flag registration are called flag people.

By the end of the 19th century, with the Qing Dynasty's hunger-relieving body, the Eight Banners military organization system ceased to exist. But some of the descendants of the Eight Banners still call themselves banner people.

The military organization system of the Eight Banners was formulated by the Manchu leader Nurhachi. At first, Nurhachi divided his army into four flags, which were identified by flags of different colors, known as the "positive yellow flag" and so on. As the army grew, the four flags were added to the border to become the "inlaid yellow flag" and so on, forming the eight flags.

Relying on this military organization system, the Manchus established the Qing State in 1636.