From the emergence of human beings to the present, human clothing, food, housing and transportation

The knowledge of clothing, food, housing and transportation of early humans mainly includes the following points:

Food gods: Most of the early humans used hunting and gathering as their main mode of survival, and their food** included wild animals, fruits, roots, etc. With the development of agriculture, humans began to grow crops and gradually diversify their diets.

Shelter: Early humans usually lived in natural caves, tree hollows, grass huts, etc., to protect them from weather changes and wild beasts. With the progress of society, human beings began to build houses made of stone, wood and other materials, and gradually formed cities and villages.

Clothing: Clothing from early humans was usually made of natural materials such as animal hides and tree bark to protect the body and keep warm. With the development of textile technology, humans began to use cotton, silk, wool and other materials to make clothes.

Transportation: The main means of transportation for early humans were walking, swimming, rowing, etc., to meet basic mobility needs. With the development of transportation bridges, human beings began to use horse-drawn carriages, ships, trains and other means of transportation, which greatly improved the efficiency of transportation.

In general, the way of clothing, food, housing and transportation of early human beings was very simple, mainly relying on natural resources and instinctive survival instincts, with the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the living standards of human beings have been greatly improved.

My feelings about the changes in food, clothing, housing and transportation are as follows:

Changes in China Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, there have been earth-shaking changes from clothing and food to accommodation and walking, from having nothing to eat to eating whatever you want, clothes from a single color to a variety of colors, from living in low bungalows to high-rise buildings, there are more and more cars on the street, and bicycles have almost disappeared.

While clothing, food, housing and transportation are changing, scientific and technological civilization is also changing. TVs, computers, and refrigerators have become essential items in every home. The "Big Four" of the family has changed many times.

The earliest "four major pieces" are: bicycles, sewing machines, watches, radios, after 30 years, the "four major pieces" became: refrigerators, color TVs, washing machines, tape recorders, they are the second generation of people to pursue the "four major pieces", in the late nineties, mobile phones have become an indispensable communication tool for people, cars have gradually entered our lives, many people have private cars.

Therefore, at this time, the "four major items" have changed again, which are air conditioners, computers, mobile phones, and cars. In the past, we fantasized that Chang'e would be able to go down to earth, but now, the plane has flown into space and flew to the moon, and our astronauts have left their footprints on the moon and found that there are no signs of life on the moon. Hopefully, in a few years, people will be able to build houses on the moon and work on the moon.

1. "Food".

In terms of "food", from the initial "filling stomach" to the current "never getting tired of eating". Food consumption direction.

From eating out to eating out, now eating takeout at home, buying clothes from the mall, buying clothes online.

Food, clothing, housing and transportation is the basic content of human life, and it is also one of the important parts of human life culture, and a variety of popular "food culture", "tea culture", "wine culture", "clothing culture", "tourism culture" and so on are the components of food, clothing, housing and transportation culture. In his 1929 book Civilization and Barbarism, the American anthropologist Robert Lowe devoted chapters 50 and 12 to the "food, housing, clothing, and transportation" of human beings. Fernand Braudel (1902-1985), a historian of the French school of annals, wrote a magnum opus entitled Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism in the Fifteenth-Eighteenth Centuries in the 60th century.

Chapters 2, 3, 4, and part of chapter 6 are devoted to the "food, shelter, clothing, and transportation" of human beings. Both books take "food, housing, clothing, and transportation" as the order of discussion (it can be seen that most Westerners regard "food" as the first element of daily life), and the Japanese even claim that "clothing, food, and housing" are borrowed from China (Chinese are used to calling them "clothing, food, housing, and transportation"), which is no longer published. However, the Japanese believe that "walking" is not necessary in daily life, so they exclude "walking".

Excerpted from Huang Xianfan's posthumous manuscript Gan Wenjie, "On the Construction of "Chinese Life Studies"", Guangxi Social Sciences (Special Article), pp. 1 12, No. 3, 2007. ）

Note: See Robert Lowey, Civilization and Barbarism, translated by Lu Shuxiang, Life, Reading, and New Knowledge, 1982.

See Fernand Braudel, Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries, translated by Gu Liang and Shi Kangqiang, Life, Reading, and New Knowledge, 1996.

Clothing, food, shelter and transportation are the four major elements of human life. People put "clothes" in the first place, which shows the importance of clothes to us. The Chinese population is 1.4 billion, and the huge population base itself constitutes a huge clothing consumer market.