What is the product of petroleum processing?

After oil is processed and refined, the products that can be obtained can be roughly divided into four categories:

1. Fuel

The most abundant power fuels in various petroleum products are gasoline, diesel and kerosene.

and fuel oil, which is widely used in various types of automobiles, tractors, ships, tanks, aircraft, rockets, boilers, trains, bulldozers.

Power machinery such as drilling rigs, they consume the largest amount of petroleum products, so oil is known as the blood of industry.

2. Lubricating oil

Lubricating oil makes all kinds of sliding, rotating, rolling machinery and instruments reduce wear, ensure the rate, and play the role of lubrication, heat dissipation, sealing, insulation and so on. Lubricants and greases are used to reduce friction between parts, protect parts to extend their service life and save power. They account for only about 5 per cent of all petroleum products, but they are diverse.

3. Asphalt

Asphalt has good adhesion, water resistance and anti-corrosion, and is widely used in paving pavement and anti-corrosion and waterproof coatings.

and the manufacture of linoleum and carbon materials. They are further processed in the production of fuels and lubricants, and their production is about a few percent of the processed oil.

4. Solvent

Solvent gasoline is a solvent required by industries such as rubber, paint, leather, tarpaulin, etc., and can be used to wash machines and parts. It is an important basic raw material and intermediate in the organic synthesis industry.

Oilrefining method

1. Distillation: Using the principle of gasification and condensation, the oil is divided into various components with different boiling points, which is called petroleum distillation. Distillation is usually divided into atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation.

Distillation under atmospheric pressure is called atmospheric distillation, and distillation under reduced pressure is called vacuum distillation, and vacuum distillation can reduce hydrocarbons.

boiling point to prevent cleavage of heavy components at high temperatures.

2. Cracking: Under certain conditions, the molecular structure of heavy oil changes to increase the proportion of light components in the processing process called cracking. Cracking is usually divided into thermal cracking, viscosity reduction cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, etc.

3. Reformation: Use heating or catalysis to make the hydrocarbons in the light fraction.

The process by which a molecule changes its structure is called reforming. It is divided into thermal reforming and catalytic reforming, and catalytic reforming is divided into platinum reforming, platinum-rhenium reforming, polymetallic reforming, etc. due to different catalysts.

4. Isomerization:

Isomerization is an important means to increase the octane number of gasoline. Pentane in straight-run gasoline and gaseous gasoline.

Hexane is converted to isoparaffin. N-butane can also be used.

Converted to isobutane.

It is used as an alkylation feedstock.

Petroleum processing generally refers to the rough processing of petroleum, such as dehydration, desalination and other preliminary treatment, which rarely involves chemical reactions, and is generally physical treatment.

Petrochemical refers to the post-processing of petroleum, such as cracking, catalytic cracking and subsequent products such as the processing of fine products such as propylene, which should be market-oriented.

Petrochemical category.

There is a wide range of chemicals produced from oil and gas. Petrochemical raw materials are mainly various petroleum fractions and refinery gases produced from the petroleum refining process, as well as oilfield gas, natural gas, etc. Petroleum fractions (mainly light oils) can be used to produce olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene and aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene through hydrocarbon cracking and pyrolysis gas separation, and aromatics can also come from the catalytic reforming of petroleum light fractions.

Petroleum light fractions and natural gas can be converted by steam reforming, and heavy oil can be partially oxidized to produce syngas, and then produce synthetic ammonia, synthetic methanol, etc. Starting from olefins, it can produce various alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids and epoxy compounds. With the development of science and technology, the above-mentioned olefins and aromatics can be processed to produce polymer products including synthetic resins, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and a series of products, such as surfactants and other fine chemicals, so the scope of petrochemical industry has been expanded to most of the fields of polymer chemicals and fine chemicals.

Petrochemical production, generally combined with petroleum refining or natural gas processing, provides raw materials, by-products or semi-finished products to each other to improve economic efficiency.

Petroleum processing is also known as the oil refining industry.

The oil refining industry is an energy industry that uses petroleum as raw materials to produce gasoline, kerosene, diesel and other petroleum products, and is responsible for providing combustion energy for the society, and also bears the responsibility of reducing consumption, energy consumption and improving resource utilization. [1] The world's oil refining industry is developing steadily, and in 2007, the world's total oil refining capacity exceeded 100 million tons per year, a slight increase of 6.5 million tons per year compared with 100 million tons per year in 2006. It continued the upward trend that began in 2002 and became the sixth consecutive year of growth, once again hitting a record high.

There are three stages in the development of China's oil refining industry: the first stage, from the first import of kerosene in 1863 to the basic self-sufficiency of oil products in 1963, it took 100 years to achieve this leap; In the second stage, from the early 60s to the late 90s of the 20th century, China's oil refining industry has achieved a huge leap in terms of production capacity and technology, and has entered the ranks of the world's major oil refining countries; The third stage, that is, from the beginning of the 21st century to around 2020, will realize the leap from a major oil refining country to an oil refining power. In 2006, China has become the world's second largest oil refiner after the United States, with a primary processing capacity of 100 million tons.

The actual processing of **100 million tons, the output of four categories of refined oil (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricating oil) reached 100 million tons. From January to November 2007, China's first-class processing volume reached 100 million tons, a year-on-year increase, and continued to maintain a high growth rate. From January to November 2007, China's gasoline, kerosene and diesel output were 54.58 million tons, 10.62 million tons and 112.46 million tons respectively, with a year-on-year growth rate of and, and the growth rate of refined oil output was relatively high.

Petroleum can be turned into fuel oil through chemical processing, and can also be turned into polymer substances to make clothes, engineering plastics, and so on.

Petrochemical products include: various fuel oils (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.) and lubricating oils, as well as liquefied petroleum gas, petroleum coke, paraffin, asphalt, etc.

Studies have shown that it takes at least 2 million years for oil to form, and that the oldest reservoirs discovered today can be as old as 500 million years. In the long history of the earth's continuous evolution, there were some "special" periods, such as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, when a large number of plants and animals died, and the organic matter that made up their bodies continued to decompose, mixing with sediment or sediment next to carbon-transporting acid and other substances to form sedimentary layers. As the sediments continue to accumulate and thicken, the temperature and pressure rise, and as this process continues, the sedimentary layers become sedimentary rocks, which in turn form sedimentary hosiacene basins, which provide the basic geological environment for the formation of oil.

The above is for your reference! Hope it helps!

Hangzhou Library.

1. The industrial raw materials for petroleum are: A or solution, fertilizer, pesticides and plastics;

2. Oil, one of the main objects of geological exploration, is a viscous and dark brown liquid, known as the blood of industry;

3. There are oil reserves in some areas of the upper crust;

4. The main ingredient is a mixture of various alkanes, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons;

5. There are two theories of biosedimentation to oil and petrochemical oil, the former is widely accepted, and it is believed that oil is formed by organisms in ancient oceans or lakes after a long period of evolution, which belongs to biological sedimentation and oil and is not renewable;

6. The latter believes that oil is generated from the carbon in the earth's crust, which has nothing to do with living things and is renewable;

7. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and is also a raw material for many chemical industry products, such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics.

1. The industrial raw materials for petroleum are: solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics;

2. Petroleum, one of the main objects of geological exploration, is a viscous and dark brown liquid, known as the blood of industry;

3. There are oil reserves in some areas of the upper crust;

4. The main ingredient is a mixture of various alkanes, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons;

5. There are two theories of biosedimentation to oil and petrochemical oil, the former is widely accepted, and it is believed that oil is formed by organisms in ancient oceans or lakes after a long period of evolution, which belongs to biological sedimentation and oil, and is not renewable;

6. The latter believes that oil is produced from the carbon in the earth's crust, has nothing to do with living things, and is renewable;

7. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and is also a raw material for many chemical industry products, such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics.

Petroleum is processed by refining:

The oil extracted from the well generally contains a certain amount of water, so the so-called "**" oil is actually "dehydrated". The "**" of petroleum is divided into three steps--- namely desalination and dehydration, atmospheric distillation, and vacuum distillation. Each step is related to the effect of oil "**".

Step 1: Desalination and dehydration.

Oil is mixed with water, salts, sediment and other substances. These substances produce acids that are corrosive. These acids can accelerate the corrosion of equipment, vessels, and pipelines.

Therefore, in the first part of the "**", the refinery staff will add a demulsifier to the oil (we can think of it as a "master at separating oil and water"); At the same time, under the conditions of high-voltage electric field and high temperature, the purpose of oil-water separation is finally achieved. Since most of the salt is dissolved in water, the salt is removed at the same time as the dehydration.

Step 2: "Sauna".

Atmospheric distillation is a bit like "saunaing" oil – desalting and dehydrated oil is "heated" and then cooled at room temperature. According to the boiling point of the substances contained in the petroleum, the oil is further separated from other liquid mixtures. After atmospheric distillation, light oils such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene, as well as some heavy oils, which are used as raw materials for petrochemical products, are born.

Step 3: Turn waste into treasure.

The vacuum distillation step is interesting in that it is possible to "turn waste into value" – the heavy oil and some residual residue are converted into light oil separately under vacuum. Through vacuum distillation, raw materials for making lubricating oil can also be obtained. In addition, in order to increase the octane number of gasoline, the fractionated light oil is catalytically reformed.

At this point, the primary processing of oil is completed.