What is the fourth paragraph of the widow to the country?

King Liang Hui said: "The widow is also to the country, and he is dedicated to his ears." If Hanoi is fierce, its people will be moved to the east of the river, and its millet will be moved to Hanoi. The same is true of Hedong. Those who observe the politics of neighboring countries are not as good as those who have the intentions of a few people. If the people of the neighbouring countries do not add less, and the people of the few do not increase more? ”

The widow is also to the country.

Original text: King Liang Hui said: "The widow is also devoted to the country.

If Hanoi is fierce, its people will be moved to the east of the river, and its millet will be moved to Hanoi. The same is true of Hedong. Those who observe the politics of neighboring countries are not as good as those who have the intentions of a few people.

If the people of the neighbouring countries do not add less, and the people of the few do not increase more? ”

Mencius said to him: "The king is warlike, please use war as a metaphor." Fill in the drums, the blades are connected, abandon the armor and drag the soldiers, or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps.

What if you laugh at 50 steps and 100 steps? He said, "No."

It is not a hundred steps straight, it is also walking. He said, "If the king knew this, he would have no hope that the people would be greater than the neighbors."

If it does not violate the agricultural time, the grain cannot be eaten. A few grains do not enter the pond, and the fish and turtles cannot be eaten. The axe catty enters the mountains and forests at the right time, and the timber is not usable.

Grain and fish and turtles can not be eaten, timber and wood can not be used, it is to make the people live and die without regrets. There are no regrets about health and death, and the beginning of the royal road. A five-acre house, a mulberry tree, and fifty people can be clothed.

Chickens, guineas, dogs, and animals, if they don't lose their time, the seventy can eat meat; A hundred acres of land, don't take it away, a few families can be hungry; The teaching of the order of the order, the righteousness of filial piety, and the person who gives the confession does not live up to the road. Seventy people eat meat, and the people are not hungry or cold, but those who are not kings are not not. Dogs eat people without knowing how to check them, and they are hungry on the way without knowing what to do.

When a person dies, he says, 'It's not me, it's not me.' 'How is it different from stabbing a man and killing him?'

It's not me, it's not me, it's not me. 'The king is innocent, and the people of the world are the best. ”

This article records the dialogue between King Hui of Liang and Mencius, focusing on the question of "the people do not add more" and how to make the people more, and expresses Mencius's royal thought - the implementation of benevolent government, the development of production, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment. "Dogs eat people without inspection, painted with hunger and do not know what to do" reveals the inequality between the rich and the poor and the class antagonism in the society at that time, and indicts the rulers who do not care about the lives and deaths of the people. The central thesis of the full text is "Wang Wusui is also, and the people of the world are the best".

From the specific paragraphs, the full text can be divided into three parts:

In the first part (the first paragraph), it is written that King Liang Hui raised questions about his "dedication to the country" and "the people do not add more".

In the second part ("Mencius said to him" to "there is no hope that the people will be more than the neighbors"), according to the desire of King Hui of Liang to make "the people more numerous" through political means, Mencius helps him realize that politically compared with his neighbors, he has only done some good things to relieve the disaster, and there is no difference in essence, so that the article naturally transitions to the third part.

In the third part (paragraphs 3 to 5), Mencius put forward his own idea of "benevolent government" according to the psychology of King Hui of Liang to explore how to make "the people more abundant" and the grand desire of the monarch to "unify the world" during the Warring States period.

Mencius was good at using metaphors to reason, and his language seemed to be calm and unhurried. For example, the metaphor of "50 steps and 100 steps" did not solve the people's problems, and compared with the neighboring countries, although there is a difference in degree, but the essence is the same, and they cannot do the "royal road" to support the people.

Another major feature of Mencius's language is that it uses more even sentences, so the sentence structure is neat, majestic, and has the eloquent momentum of a commanding height. For example, in the third part of this article, when Mencius talks about the principle of "making the people multiply", he renders his own ideas vividly, showing King Hui of Liang a beautiful prospect of a royal paradise.

Fifty steps and a hundred steps" is meaningful: King Liang Hui's "moving his people" and "moving his millet" are not satisfactory to the rulers of neighboring countries, and there is no difference in substance, but only in degree. The implication here is that King Hui of Liang's belligerence and small benevolence did not make the people more; In order to increase the number of people, it is necessary to practice "benevolent government" and practice "royal road".

It is divided into three parts, the first is that Liang Huiwang asks questions. King Liang Hui felt that he was doing his best for the country, but it had no effect. That is, the number of people has not increased. It isAsk questions.

In the second part, Mencius analyzes King Hui of Liang, using the metaphor of 50 steps and 100 steps to reason, pointing out that there is no essential difference between King Hui of Liang's governance and that of his neighbors. This is a matter of analysis.

In the third part, Mencius pointed out the solution to the problem to King Hui of Liang, that is, first to make the common people rich, and then to educate the common people, that is, to implement benevolent government. It isWork something out.

In the last paragraph, Mencius criticized the current state of the reign of King Hui of Liang, that is, King Hui of Liang did not implement benevolent governmentOr solve the problem.

The author of the widow is Mencius.

It is from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang.

, written by Mencius. The text is an expression of Mencius's "benevolent government."

One of the articles on the idea discusses the issue of implementing "benevolent government" and unifying the world with "royal road".

There is no regret in health and death, and the beginning of the royal road is also ""Seventy people eat meat in clothes, and the people of Li are alive."

is not hungry or cold, but not the king, there is no one" is the finishing touch, highlighting the theme of the article: only by implementing benevolent government can we win the hearts of the people, and then we can win the world. This idea of "protecting the people and the king" is also the embodiment of Mencius's "people-oriented" thought.

Significance

What is surprising is that more than 2,000 years ago, our ancestors saw that the economy is the foundation of politics, and although it is not the whole of the "royal road," it is the "beginning of the royal road" to "make the people live and die without regrets" (how accurate and powerful the word "change the beginning" is used).

Not only that, Mencius also mentioned the protection of the environment such as "the number of Gu does not enter the pond" and "the axe enters the mountains and forests at the right time".

Maintaining the ecology of nature and enabling the sustainable development of production, his broad-mindedness that not only cares about the contemporary, but also cares about the future generations, does not know if he can make those who are still savagely plundering nature, cutting off the future path of future generations, and seeking profit to shame.

The widow is also selected from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang".

King Hui of Liang is the title of the first chapter of Mencius, and Mencius, like the Analects, originally had no title, and later generations generally took the first two or three words in the first chapter of each article as the title. "Mencius" has a total of seven articles, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty when Zhao Qi made notes for "Mencius", each article was divided into upper and lower, and later generations followed it.

Mencius (c. 372 BC – 289 BC), known as Ke, was a native of the state of Zou (now southeast of Zoucheng, Shandong). A philosopher, thinker, and educator during the Warring States Period, he was a representative of Confucianism after Confucius and before Xunzi, and was called "Confucius and Mencius" together with Confucius.

Mencius preached "benevolent government" and was the first to put forward the idea of "the people are noble and the king is light", and was listed by Han Yu as a figure who inherited Confucius's "Taoism" by Confucianism in the pre-Qin Dynasty, and was posthumously named "Yasheng" in the Yuan Dynasty.

Mencius's writings are included in the book Mencius. Among them, "Fish I Want", "Gain the Righteous and Help Much, Unrighteous and Helpless", "The Widow to the Country" and "Born in Sorrow, Die in Peace" and other articles have been compiled into primary and secondary school Chinese textbooks.

The Historical Records of Mencius Xunqing Lie Biography says that Mencius was "the disciple of Ye Zisi (Kong Ling, the grandson of Confucius)"; Mencius did not mention the name of his teacher, but said, "Yu Wei is a disciple of Confucius, and so is the son of a private lady." Annihilation stool "Zhu Xiyun:

Private, still stealing. Shu, good also. Li thought that the dialect was also.

People are also disciples of Zi Si. ”

According to the year of birth and death of Zisi's father Kong Li (son of Confucius) and the reign of Lu Mugong (Lu Mugong), it is difficult to establish that Mencius was employed by Zisi. From this point of view, it is more appropriate for Mencius to learn from the people of Zisi.

1. Main content: This article is an important representative work in the book "Mencius", which records a conversation between Mencius and King Hui of Liang, which expounds the political ideas of "enriching the people" and "teaching the people" in a concentrated manner, with clever metaphors, powerful arguments and smooth language.

Raise the question of "the people do not add more". King Liang Hui thinks that he is already very "dedicated" to the country, but there is still no big difference from the politics of neighboring countries, "the people of neighboring countries do not add less, and the people of the few do not add more", why is this? The second part (from "Mencius said to him" to "then the feast touched the hopeless people more than the neighboring countries"):

Analyze the reasons why "the people do not add more". The main method here is to use metaphors and arguments. After hearing King Liang Hui's question, Yuzi did not immediately, but took the war as an example, leading to the question of "what is it like to talk and laugh at 50 steps and 100 steps", so that King Liang Hui.

When King Hui of Liang made it right, Mencius took the opportunity to clarify his opinion: "If the king knew this, he would not have more people than his neighbors." Part III (paragraphs 3-5):

It expounds the specific content of Mencius's "benevolent government" and the fundamental measures to increase the number of people. It can be divided into three layers: the first layer (paragraph 3):

Explain the principle of "the beginning of the royal road". Here is a comparative sentence, pointing out that from the three aspects of "agriculture", "fish", and "forest", to the point where the people "live and die without regrets" is the "beginning of the royal road". Tier 2 (paragraph 4):

Explain the truth of the royal way. Rankings are still used. Level 3 (paragraph 5):

Elaborate on the attitude that the people should have.

The Widow to the State also reflects Mencius's people-oriented thought of governing the country.

The Widow to the Country is a chapter in Mencius's "Mencius: King Hui of Liang" in the Warring States Period, and is one of the articles that express Mencius's idea of "benevolent government". He discussed the question of how to implement "benevolent government" and unify the world with "royal road".

In the article, "there is no regret in health and death, the beginning of the royal road", "the seventy people eat meat, the people are not hungry or cold, but those who are not kings are not the same" is the finishing touch of the article, highlighting the theme of the article: only by implementing benevolent government can we win the hearts of the people; Only by winning the hearts of the people can we win the world. This proposition of "protecting the people and being the king" is actually the embodiment of Mencius's "people-oriented" thought.