How should the light in the cultivation facility be controlled?

On the basis of maintaining the original optimized structure of temperature and light performance, new types of heat preservation, covering and wall materials are adopted, and reasonable orientation and orientation are adopted according to the geographical latitude to ensure the temperature and light conditions in the protected area, further improve the optimized structure of the protected area facilities, and improve the lighting and thermal insulation performance. When building, care should be taken to build in a place where the leeward is sunny and there is no shade from tall buildings around. On the basis of maintaining the original lighting and thermal insulation performance, the height and span should be increased appropriately.

For example, the energy-saving solar greenhouse has improved the indoor light condition due to the increased lighting angle. The orientation of the single-slope greenhouse and the sunshade should be facing south in order to receive the maximum amount of sunlight in winter.

When the arch shed is mainly produced in early spring and late autumn, it is advisable to extend from north to south. Try to increase the inclination of the daylight surface, because the greater the angle, the more sunlight will enter in winter, and the better the lighting conditions in the facility. Minimize the number of pillars, arches, and tie rods in the facility, or use a cantilever column structure to save materials.

In order to reduce the shade area in the facility and improve the light conditions. <>

The production of vegetables in the facility is the production of the coordination between the natural environment and the artificial environment, and strengthening the comprehensive regulation and control of environmental conditions is a necessary means to ensure the growth and development of crops and give full play to the facility conditions. Physical environmental control includes ground control and underground control, specifically referring to the control of temperature, light and humidity. Light is an indispensable energy condition for greenhouse vegetables to produce nutrients and life activities, and it is also the dominant factor in the formation of greenhouse microclimate.

The quality of light conditions in a greenhouse mainly depends on the light intensity, light hours, light quality and light distribution. At present, the main problems of light control are: due to the lack of indoor light caused by unreasonable structure, in order to prevent the temperature of the shed from dropping, the grass is removed late and covered early, so that the light time is shortened, there is no brightening measure, and the dust and dew on the greenhouse film cannot be removed as soon as possible; Due to seasonal reasons, in the cultivation of vegetables in protected areas, the light in winter and early spring is weak, the light intensity is low, the time is short, and the light quality is poor.

Therefore, the facilities of the protected area should be reasonably regulated, and the indoor light conditions should be controlled according to the changes of the seasons to ensure the normal progress of photosynthesis. Select appropriate cultivars, carry out reasonable layout and adopt excellent cultivation technology, and choose varieties that are resistant to low temperature, resistant to diseases and insects, and not strict to light requirements. Melons are grafted and raised seedlings to adapt crops to the environment, so as to achieve the purpose of high yield and high quality.

In view of the uneven distribution of light in the winter greenhouse, the light-loving vegetables should be arranged in the strong light area on the south side, and the shade-tolerant vegetables should be planted in the weak light area under the back slope, and the furrow direction should be north-south. The planting method can be high and short, and the main and secondary rows are light-loving and shade-tolerant, with a reasonable vegetable layout. Strengthening plant adjustment and appropriate spraying of plant growth regulators are also conducive to improving the ability of plants to resist low light stress.

Choose a greenhouse film with high light transmittance and a long drip-free holding period, and pay attention to the cleaning of the film, prolong the service life, and improve the light transmittance. The texture of the light-transmitting cover of the vegetable protection facility directly affects the light intensity and light quality in the facility, so it is necessary to choose a suitable greenhouse film. At present, PVC film is the most used in domestic solar greenhouses, the advantage of this film is good heat retention, but it is not as good as PE film from the perspective of increasing light, because although the light transmittance of the two is about the same, PVC film is easy to adhere to dust and reduce the light transmittance.

In recent years, the multi-functional agricultural film, diffuse reflection energy-saving agricultural film, dust-proof film and other products developed and produced have the function of improving the lighting conditions in the facility. PVC non-dripping film has a visible light transmission rate of 88%, an ultraviolet light rate of 20%, an infrared light rate of 72%, and a small reflectance loss, good thermal insulation, anti-aging, easy to stick, and 2-4 higher than the temperature of the dripping film, so it should be vigorously promoted. <>

In addition to normal daylight exposure, the easiest way to do this at night or on a cloudy day is to use an incandescent lamp, which (light bulb) is similar to the spectrum of the sun.

Incandescent lamps (bulbs) have a similar spectrum to the sun.

Sunlight is an important element in plant maintenance, but not more is better. Reasonable light can promote plant growth.

Illuminating with fluorescent lamps can increase the amount of light from plants.

1. The minimum amount of light should be above the compensation point of light, and the way to increase the light of plants is to use light to supplement the light.

2. The illumination of the 1400 watt electric lamp at a distance of 2 meters from the plant is the same as that of daylight, and the illumination distance is shortened, and the light intensity used can be reduced according to the inverse law of the square of the distance from the plant. With 100 to 300 watts of white fluorescent lamp, certain light conditions can also be achieved to meet the growth requirements of plants;

3. 10% to 12% of incandescent light is used as light energy, and the rest is heat energy.

We all know that for plants to photosynthesize, they must have light. However, different plants and flowers have different needs for light, and only by giving the right light can they ensure their healthy growth.

1. The influence of light intensity on different plantsSome plants like sufficient light environment, such as Yueji, sunflower, etc., which will affect the flowering effect under poor light conditions. There are some plants that have a certain tolerance to negativity, such as pothos, sunflower, etc., which can also grow well in weak light. There are also some plants in between, like semi-negative environments, such as camellias, gardenias, etc., such plants have slightly higher requirements for the environment, and too strong or too weak light is not conducive to their growth.

2. How to control the lighting The means of controlling the lighting have the following aspects:

1) Placement.

This method is also the easiest way to control the light, the placement should be adjusted according to the light requirements of different flowers, and the light-loving flowers can be placed in a place that can shine the sun; Plants that are not resistant to direct sunlight, house interiors; Semi-negative flowering plants can be placed in the shade of trees.

2) Shading treatment.

There may be certain restrictions on the places where we raise flowers, for example, flowers cultivated on the balcony are not suitable for being placed in the room, but such flowers are not sun-resistant at the same time, and can be properly shaded when they cannot be moved. Generally at noon in summer, except for some flowers that are not particularly afraid of the sun, most plants are best shaded.

3) Brightening treatment.

Increasing light is not very used in raising flowers at home, and some places with bad light, if you want to breed flowering plants, you can take this means, artificially increase light, which can play a certain role.

3. The influence of light on the flowering period flowers are divided into long-day flowers, short-day flowers and medium-day flowers.

Long-day flowers can only be differentiated by more than 12 hours of light per day, and most of the long-day flowers bloom in spring and summer, such as impatiens, melon leaf chrysanthemum, etc.

Short-day flowers must be less than 12 hours of light to bloom, such as chrysanthemums, which only grow branches and leaves in the summer and bloom in the fall.

The requirements for light in the middle of the sun are not strict, as long as the temperature is right, it will bloom, such as geraniums, begonias, moon flowers, etc.

Knowing this, we can adjust the flowering period through shading, for example, long-day flowers can be appropriately extended through shading, and short-day flowers can promote flower bud differentiation through shading, and flowering can also be achieved in other seasons. For example, if you want chrysanthemums to bloom during the eleventh day, you can achieve eleventh flowering by shading them in July.

Choose different lighting for different plants. For example, tall plants can receive more sunlight. Many green plants should not be exposed to sunlight and should be maintained under diffused light conditions.

First of all, you can choose to let it shine in the sun for 3 to 4 hours a day. Then at night I covered it with a black cloth.

We should put it in a sunny place, and then after a reasonable period of exposure, we can turn its direction so that it can grow better.

If you don't have enough light at home, you can raise a pot.