What are the characteristics of commonly used refrigerants?

Commonly used refrigerants are inorganic compounds, freon, azeotropic solution, hydrocarbons, R-404A refrigerant, etc.

1. Inorganic compounds: This kind of refrigerant has been applied for a long time, ammonia and water are still commonly used refrigerants, while ammonia and water are still commonly used refrigerants, while they are eliminated due to high working pressure, low critical temperature and small refrigeration capacity, such as carbon dioxide.

2. Freon: This kind of refrigerant appeared in the 30s of this century and was gradually used, with many types and large differences in thermal properties. They are both derivatives of methane and ethane.

In these derivatives, atoms of fluorine, chlorine and bromine are used to replace all or part of the hydrogen atoms in the original compound. If the number of fluorine atoms is more, the less toxic the freon is, and the higher the chemical stability; The smaller the number of hydrogen atoms, the less likely it is to burn and **; And the more chlorine atoms, the higher the evaporation temperature. its thermal force.

3. Azeotropic solution: Azeotropic solution refrigerant is a mixture formed by dissolving two or more different refrigerants into each other in a certain proportion. Like a single compound, they have a certain evaporation temperature at a certain pressure.

4. Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbon refrigerants include methane, ethane, propane, ethylene and propylene, etc., and their thermal properties. This type of refrigerant is mainly used in the petrochemical industry, and its advantages are easy to obtain, low cost, low solidification temperature, etc.

But it is poorly safe, flammable and **.

5. R-404A refrigerant: Physical and chemical properties R404A is a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant without chlorine, which is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure, and is a compressed liquefied gas stored in the cylinder.

Depending on the specific type of refrigeration equipment, different types of refrigerants commonly used in different types of refrigeration equipment are different.

For example, in air conditioning products, the types of refrigerants commonly used at present are:

R410A, R134A, R22, R407C, etc., a few manufacturers will use R32 refrigerant.

The commonly used types of refrigerants for refrigerator products are:

R600A, R134A, R12, etc., a few manufacturers will also use other types of mixed refrigerants.

Refrigerant, also known as refrigerant, refrigerant, refrigerant, is a medium substance used to complete energy conversion in various heat engines. These substances typically increase their power by a reversible phase transition, such as a gas-liquid phase change. Such as steam in a steam engine, refrigerant in a refrigerator, and so on.

When the general steam engine is working, the heat energy of the steam is released and converted into mechanical energy to generate the driving force; The refrigerant of the refrigerator is used to transfer heat from low temperatures to high temperatures.

Automotive Refrigerant:

The refrigerant in the automobile air conditioning system, commonly known as refrigerant, is used to transfer heat due to its rapid heat absorption and heat release characteristics during refrigeration work, so as to achieve the effect of rapid refrigeration.

The English name of the refrigerant is Refrigerant, so the first letter R is often used to represent the refrigerant, followed by the name of the refrigerant, such as R12, R22, R134A, etc.

R11 high is mainly used in large-scale ** air conditioning (centrifugal chillers) and other refrigeration equipment R123 high replaces R11, is used for large-scale ** air conditioning (centrifugal chillers) and other refrigeration equipment R12 medium and low is mainly used in automotive air conditioners, household refrigerators, small refrigeration and freezing.

R134A medium and low replacement R12, mainly used in refrigerators, freezers, water dispensers, automotive air conditioners, air conditioners, dehumidifiers, cold storage, commercial refrigeration, chillers, ice cream machines, refrigeration condensing units and other refrigeration equipment.

R22 medium and low are mainly used in household air conditioners, commercial air conditioners, air conditioners, mobile air conditioners, heat pump water heaters, dehumidifiers, refrigeration dryers, cold storage, food freezing equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration, commercial refrigeration, refrigeration condensing units, supermarket display cabinets and other refrigeration equipment.

R407C medium and low replacement R22, mainly used in household air conditioners, small and medium-sized commercial air conditioners (small and medium-sized unit air conditioners, household ** air conditioners, multi-line), mobile air conditioners (automotive air conditioners, etc.), dehumidifiers, refrigeration dryers, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration and other refrigeration equipment.

R410A medium and low is mainly used in household air conditioners, small and medium-sized commercial air conditioners (small and medium-sized unit air conditioners, household ** air conditioners, multi-line), mobile air conditioners, dehumidifiers, refrigeration dryers, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial refrigeration and other refrigeration equipment.

R404A replaces R22 and R502 in medium and low levels, and is often used in cold storage, food freezing equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial cryogenic refrigeration, commercial cryogenic refrigeration, transportation refrigeration equipment (refrigerated trucks, etc.), refrigeration condensing units, supermarket display cabinets and other refrigeration equipment.

R507 replaces R22 and R502 in medium and low levels, and is often used in cold storage, food freezing equipment, marine refrigeration equipment, industrial cryogenic refrigeration, commercial cryogenic refrigeration, refrigerated trucks, refrigeration condensing units, supermarket display cabinets and other refrigeration equipment.

R142B High is mainly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems (high temperature air conditioning) in high-temperature environments, and heat pump R124 High is mainly used as high-temperature air conditioning.

R417A medium and low direct replacement for R22, widely used in shopping malls, hotels, supermarkets and office spaces to replace air conditioning refrigerant.

UsageR600A Medium and low household refrigerator freezer Refrigeration.

R13 ultra-low is mainly used in ultra-low temperature refrigerators or freezers, blood bank refrigerators, freeze dryers, environmental test chambers (thermal shock testing machines), biochemical test chambers and other cryogenic equipment (including scientific research refrigeration, medical refrigeration, etc.), and is mostly used in the low temperature section of these cascade refrigeration systems.

R14 ultra-low is mainly used in cryogenic equipment that requires very low temperatures (including scientific research refrigeration, medical refrigeration, etc.).

Special Purpose. R23 ultra-low replaces R13 and R14, and is mainly used in environmental test chamber equipment (cold and thermal shock testing machine), freeze dryer, freeze dryer, ultra-low temperature freezer or freezer, blood bank refrigerator, biochemical test chamber and other cryogenic equipment (including scientific research refrigeration, medical refrigeration, etc.), and is mostly used in the low temperature level of these cascade refrigeration systems.

At present, home air conditioners are used to replace R22 refrigerants, basically only R410A and R32 refrigerants, and today we will conduct a simple comparative analysis of the characteristics of R22, R410A and R32 points.

1. Thermophysical properties: the charging capacity of R32 can be reduced, only times that of R410A, the working pressure of R32 system is higher than that of R410A, but the large increase is not exceeded, which is equivalent to the pressure requirements of R410A system, and the exhaust temperature of R32 system is higher than that of R410A.

2. Environmental protection characteristics: ODP value (ozone depletion potential) is 0, but the GWP value (global warming potential) of R32 is moderate, and the proportion of CO2 emission reduction can be reached compared with R22, while R410A is only, which is significantly better than R410A in CO2 emission reduction.

3. Safety: R32 and R410A refrigerants are non-toxic, while R32 is flammable, but among several substitutes for R22, R32, R290, R161, and R1234YF, R32 has a high lower combustion limit of LFL (lower fire limit), and R32 is the least flammable in terms of these refrigerants.

4. Cycle performance: In terms of theoretical cycle performance, the cooling capacity of the R32 system is higher than that of R410A, the power consumption increases, and the comprehensive energy saving is increased, and the experimental results also show that the refrigeration system using R32 has a slightly higher energy efficiency ratio than that of R410A. The following table compares some of the characteristics of the three refrigerants:

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1) Does not destroy the ozone layer. Its molecular formula contains chlorine, so its ozone depletion potential (ODP) is. The global warming potential (GWP) is.

2) Very low toxicity. The allowable concentration is the same as that of R22, which is 1000 ppm.

3) Non-flammable. The flammable polarity in the air is 0.

4) High chemical and thermal stability.

5) Water solubility is almost the same as R22.

6) It is a mixed refrigerant, which consists of two refrigerants.

7) Not miscible with mineral oil or alkylbenzene oil. (Soluble with POE [ester lubricating oil], PVE [ether lubricating oil])