What is the principle of action of the fractionation column, the internal structure and function of

In the actual fractionation process, the external air flows through the retort tube, which can improve the heat exchange efficiency between the retort and the external air, so that the temperature gradient in the column increases, so that the substances with different boiling points can be better separated.

If you will have both volatility.

The liquid mixture is distilled, at the boiling temperature, its gas phase and the liquid phase reach equilibrium, and the vapor that comes out contains the component of a larger amount of volatile substance, and this vapor is condensed into a liquid, and its composition is equivalent to the composition of the gas phase (i.e., contains more volatile components), and the residue contains a larger amount of high boiling point components (difficult to volatile components), which is a simple distillation.

If the liquid condensed by the vapor is re-distilled, that is, the gas-liquid equilibrium is carried out again, and the volatile substance component in the vapor produced again increases.

Hello! The function of the fractionation column is mainly condensing and diversion.

Fractionation is a method of separating a mixture of several volatile substances with different boiling points - a mixture is heated, and the different boiling points of each component in the mixture are cooled and separated into a relatively pure single substance. No new matter is generated in the process, but the original substance is separated, which is a physical change.

Fractional distillation is actually multiple distillation, and it is more suitable for separating and purifying liquid-organic mixtures with little difference in boiling point. such as the fractionation of coal tar; Fractionation of petroleum. When the boiling points of the substances are very close, about 20 degrees apart, the simple distillation method cannot be used, and the fractional distillation method can be used instead.

The cartridges of fractionation columns are typically made in a spiral shape and are long, providing a large surface area for vapor condensation and allowing the condensed liquid to flow back into the round-bottom flask for the next fractionation.

The principle of fractionation, do you know these knowledge, come and learn it.

The fractionation column includes: a cylinder with a tubular structure and a retort body. Described induced body is hollow tubular structure, is arranged to be plurality, and is respectively positioned in the cylinder body and is connected with the inner wall of cylinder.

Function: In the actual fractionation process, the external air flows through the retort tube, which can improve the heat exchange efficiency between the retort and the external air, so that the temperature gradient in the column increases, so that the substances with different boiling points can be better separated.

General considerations for the arrangement of fractionation column systems:

1) It is necessary to consider the safety fire distance and the installation and maintenance site.

2) Some frequently operated outdoor equipment must have a safe and reliable ladder platform for renting, such as the equipment and valve of the heating and thawing system, the peep mirror of the air cooling tower and the water cooling tower, and the inlet and outlet valves of the medium pressure gas reservoir.

3) For some parts of some outdoor equipment, such as primary instrument components, motors and their transmission parts, liquid level laughing and washing control devices of air cooling towers and water cooling towers, the main operating surface of fractionation towers and their main valves, etc., there should be measures to prevent rain, snow, wind and sand invasion or effective thermal insulation and anti-freezing measures.

The principle of fractionation is based on the difference in the boiling point of a substance at different temperatures, heating a mixture to the boiling point of one of the components and separating it by distillation. Here's a closer look:

Fractionation is a commonly used method of separating substances from a mixture to separate the components in a mixture in liquid form. This method is suitable for mixtures with large differences in boiling points and low mutual solubility, such as water and alcohol.

Fractionation is usually carried out in a fractionation unit, which is divided into two ways: simple fractionation and rectification. Simple fractionation is suitable for mixtures with large differences in boiling points, and the separation is achieved by a single fractionation column. Rectification is suitable for mixtures with small differences in boiling points, and needs to be separated continuously by multiple fractionation columns for better separation.

During fractionation, the mixture needs to be heated and the temperature controlled so that one of the components reaches the boiling point and begins to vaporize. The vaporized gas mixture enters the fractionation column, where it is cooled and solidified to form a liquid, which is collected by the collector. The unvaporized components remain in the fractionation column for the next round of fractionation.

The principle of fractionation is based on the difference in boiling point, where the components with a lower boiling point first vaporize away from the mixture. This method is widely used in chemical, food, pharmaceutical and other fields, and can effectively separate the desired target components.

The principle of fractionation is based on the difference in the boiling points of the components in the mixture, so the following points need to be noted:

1.Boiling point differences: Before fractionation, the boiling point differences of the components in the mixture need to be determined. The greater the difference in boiling point, the better the separation, while the smaller the difference in boiling point, more complex methods such as distillation are required.

2.Temperature control: Tight temperature control is required during the fractionation process to allow one of the components to reach the boiling point and begin to vaporize, while avoiding volatilization and loss of other components due to too high or too low a temperature.

3.Fractionation unit: A fractionation unit usually includes a fractionation column, heating equipment, cooling pipes, etc. The design and use of the fractionation column before the source has a great impact on the fractionation results, and it is often possible to achieve better separation results by using a fractionation column with a large effective surface area and uniform packing.

4.Operation skills: During the fractionation process, it is necessary to pay attention to the tightness of the reactor, the uniformity and stability of the temperature and other operational details to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the experimental results.

In short, fractionation, as a commonly used method of material separation, has been widely used in industrial production and scientific research experiments. In practice, it is necessary to select the appropriate slag fractionation device and conditions according to the characteristics of the mixture and the experimental purpose to obtain better separation effect.

The principle of fractionation is described as follows:

Fractionation is carried out with a fractionation column, and after the solvent being fractionated is boiled in the distillation flask, the vapor evaporates from the round-bottom flask into the fractionation column, where it partially condenses into a liquid. Due to the high content of low-boiling ingredients, the boiling point of this liquid is lower than that of the liquid in the distillation flask. When another part of the vapor in the flask rises into the fractionation column, it is heat exchanged with the condensed liquid, and the world oak causes it to boil again, while the rising vapor itself is partially condensed, so that a new liquid-vapor equilibrium is created, and as a result, the low-boiling component of the vapor increases.

This new vapor is condensed into a liquid as it rises in the fractionation column, and then boils through heat exchange with another part of the rising vapor. As the rising vapor continuously condenses and evaporates in the fractionation column, each condensation and evaporation makes the low-boiling components of the vapor continue to increase.

Therefore, the ascent of the vapor in the fractionation column is similar to a simple distillation that has been repeated many times, so that the components of the low boiling point in the vapor are gradually increased.

It can be seen that the fractionation column is the key device in the fractionation process, if the appropriate fractionation column is selected, the vapor that can come out at the top of the fractionation column, and the liquid obtained after condensation may be a pure low boiling point component or an effluent with a low boiling point accounting for the main component.

Column chromatography is an effective method for separating and analyzing complex mixtures, and it is widely used in biochemistry, environmental monitoring, medicine, and food industry. The separation principle is to separate the mixture into different compounds and separate them. This is achieved by sample separation between a stationary packing material (also known as a stationary phase) and a mobile phase of the flow.

The separation and analysis of column chromatography techniques is based on the different physicochemical properties of the mobile phase interacting with the packing material during its flow on the packing material. As in reverse osmosis solid phase extraction (SPE) used in many column chromatography techniques, the sample solution passes through a stationary phase packed in a column, to which some components are bound more tightly than others. As the mobile phase flows through the stationary phase, these more tightly bound components remain on the stationary phase, while the other components move with the mobile phase, separating the different components.

This technique is typically performed using chromatography workstations, which are often automated to achieve optimal separations. In this procedure, the sample is first fed into the column by the feed tube, where it interacts with the stationary phase in the column, and then the mobile phase passes through the column on the stationary phase to separate the various components of the input mixture. Eventually, the isolate was precisely separated and collected from the stationary phase for subsequent analysis and study of the bridge.

In summary, the separation principle of column chromatography is to separate the different components of a mixture by separating the mobile phase in the stationary phase, which is achieved by sample separation between the stationary and mobile phases. This technique enables the separation of solutes with different chemical properties, where each compound will interact with the mobile and stationary phases under specific conditions, resulting in separation. <>

The basic principle is to separate the components of the mixed liquid at different temperatures according to the different boiling points of the components of the mixture.

The basic principle of fractionation is to use the difference in the relative volatility of each component in the liquid phase for separation. In the tower, steam rises from the bottom of the tower to the top of the tower, and liquid descends from the top of the tower to the bottom of the tower. When the vapor-liquid phases are in contact with each other on each layer, the vapor phase produces partial condensation and the liquid phase produces partial vaporization.

Due to the partial vaporization of the liquid, the light components in the liquid diffuse to the vapor phase, so that the light components in the vapor increase. The partial condensation of the steam causes the recombinant components in the steam to diffuse to the liquid phase, and the recombinant components in the liquid phase increase, so that the vapor-liquid phases in contact with each other on the same layer tend to equilibrium.

Different solutions have different boiling points. Can be separated one by one.

Fractionator. If the liquid condensed by the vapor is re-distilled, that is, the gas-liquid equilibrium is carried out again, and the composition of the volatile substances contained in the vapor produced again increases, and the composition of the volatile substances in the liquid obtained by condensation of the vapor is of course higher, so that we can use a series of systematic repeated distillation, and finally we can obtain two liquids close to the pure components.

Although two liquids close to the pure composition can be obtained by applying such repeated simple distillation many times, it is a waste of time, and the loss in repeated distillation operations is very large, and the equipment is complex, so it is usually the use of fractionation column for multiple gasification and condensation, which is fractionation. The fractionation column is a chemical equipment that fractionates mixed volatile liquids (such as petroleum).

<> working principle: in a limited space, increase the heat exchange area of the liquid phase mixture as much as possible, and the mixture generally used for distillation and fractionation is organic azeotrope, and the azeotrope is from the reaction kettle.

The inner is first heated to the fractionation section, and the low boiling point continues to rise, because the temperature of the top of the tower is consistent with the low boiling point after the heat transfer of the low boiling point, so the low boiling point is fractionated out, and the higher boiling point is not reached the corresponding boiling point, so it will be cooled and refluxed to the reaction kettle or the lower part of the fractionation column, after the low boiling point is completely distilled, the higher boiling point is successively fractionated, and then the high boiling point is distilled, and finally the bottom of the reactor is the residue.

Fractionation is a distillation method that separates a liquid mixture into components by subjecting it to multiple partial gasification and partial condensation in a single device at the same time. After fractionation, the low boiling point components with higher concentration can be obtained in the gas phase, and the high boiling point components with higher concentration can be obtained in the liquid phase. Fractional distillation is also known as fractional distillation or rectification.

Fractionation can be performed at atmospheric pressure, above or below atmospheric pressure. When the mixture is gaseous at atmospheric pressure, it can be fractionated under pressure; When separating mixtures with high boiling points, distillation can be done under reduced pressure.

This method of distillation is used for mixtures of two or more liquid components that are miscible and have little difference in boiling points.

Products of petroleum fractionation.

Heavy oil: more than 20 carbon, distilled under vacuum pressure.

1 Asphalt 2 Fuel oil (fuel for ships or thermal power generation) 3 Paraffin wax (chemical raw material) 4 Diesel 5 Lubricating oil.

Atmospheric distillation: 15 carbon-18 carbon diesel, 11 carbon-16 carbon kerosene, jet fuel, 5 carbon-11 carbon gasoline engine fuel, 4 carbon or less liquefied petroleum gas.

In addition, due to the large demand for gasoline, diesel, and kerosene and low production, heavy oil is cracked and cracked. Cracking is deep cracking.