What is called rent modulation, the difference between rent modulation and rent modulation

The tenement system is based on the implementation of the uniform land system. This system stipulates that all households with equal land, regardless of the amount of land granted by their families, shall pay a fixed amount of taxes and perform a certain amount of forced labor. Its content is:

Every Ding has to pay two stones of corn to the state every year, which is called rent; Pay two zhang of silk, three taels of cotton or two zhang of cloth and five feet, three catties of hemp, called tune; If the state does not need his service, he can pay the full amount of 20 days according to the standard of paying three feet of silk or three feet seven inches and five cents of cloth per day. If the state requires him to serve, he shall be exempted from transfer if he has served for an additional 15 days, and for an additional 30 days, he shall be exempted from rent. In the event of a serious natural disaster such as floods and droughts, more than four-tenths of the crop loss will be exempted from rent, more than six-tenths of the loss will be exempted, and more than seven-tenths of the loss will be exempted.

In February of the second year of Wude in the early Tang Dynasty (619), it was stipulated that each dina "rented two stones, two zhang of silk, and three taels of cotton". It is also stipulated that Ding Nan over the age of 18 shall be granted 100 acres of land, of which 20 acres will be Yongye field and 80 acres will be divided into fields. Return to the field after death.

**Rent is levied on the people based on the records of land grants. Regardless of whether they are rich or poor, they will pay a fixed amount of rent.

Rent is the rent of the field, and two stones of corn are paid every year.

Yong is forced labor, serving for ** for 20 days every year, this system was originally tried in the second year of the opening of the Sui Dynasty (582), the original period of service was one month, and the three years (583) were reduced to 20 days.

The tuning is a household survey, and the male is accepted according to the local production. In addition to rents, the people also had to bear miscellaneous duties and servitude.

Lu Zhen praised the law of renting Yong: "There are three laws for the state to order and enslave: one is rent, the second is to adjust, and the third is Yong.

These three realms are all based on the scale of the previous philosophers, referring to the interests and disadvantages of the past dynasties. Its method is also far away, its intention is also deep, its wealth is also even, its domain is also solid, its rules are simple, and its preparation is also weekly. ”

If you have land, you will have rent, if you have a family, you will have a tune, and if you have a body, you will have mediocrity. ......If you make a good living, you will not be dike and your family business will last for a long time; If it is done, it will not be reviewed and the few will know; If it is taken as a reason, the law will not be annoying and will be edified; With it, it will not be sleepy and use it enough. ”

After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the population continued to increase, and the land was constantly annexed, and later the Tang Dynasty had no enough land to implement the uniform land system, and the land obtained by the male was insufficient, and he had to pay a fixed amount of rent and Yong, so that the peasants could not afford it, so that the peasant households fled. After the Anshi Rebellion, the financial burden increased dramatically, and Yang Yan's two tax laws were changed.

Obviously, there is a lot more mediocrity

First of all, you must know that rent is a system, and so is Yong, and the rent adjustment system first started from the humble Cao Cao.

After Cao Cao was stationed in Jizhou, he issued a rent regulation, and levied four liters of land rent per mu on landowners (including yeoman farmers and landlords). Each household is levied with two horses of silk and two catties of cotton. The household survey replaced the heavy poll tax in the Han Dynasty, which was good for the peasants, and also beneficial to the wealthy and powerful tenants.

The Cao order increased the punishment for the merger of the powerful and powerful, but in fact it was difficult to prevent the merger of the powerful and powerful.

The Northern Wei Dynasty rent regulation stipulates that the farmers who receive the land bear a fixed amount of rent, and a husband and a woman receive 2 stone of millet and 1 horse of silk or cloth every year. Ding Nan also had to bear a certain amount of forced labor.

In the early Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, on the basis of the uniform land system, the system of servitude was reformed with the idea of light punishment and thin endowment, and the rent was regulated. Rent regulation stipulates that adult men pay a certain amount of grain to the government every year, which is called "rent"; Paying a certain amount of silk or cloth is called "tune"; During the period of conscription, those who do not go to serve can be paid silk or cloth for service, which is called "Yong".

There is no longer an age limit. The regulation of rents makes the peasants' production time relatively high, the burden of servitude is relatively reduced, and the tax income of the peasants is guaranteed.

And the rent modulation is like this, which is equivalent to saying that the rent is a manifestation of light and thin endowment, and the impact on the Tang Dynasty is great

Rent adjustment is a tax law supporting the Juntian system during the reform period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The rent-modulated field rent is low, and the rent is fixed, and the increase in production does not increase the rent.

The rent adjustment is the tax decree supporting the reform period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Juntian system, the content is: the rent of the land is four liters per mu, and the household produces two horses of silk and two catties of cotton, and he is not allowed to prosper. The rent-modulated field rent is low, and the rent is fixed, and the increase in production does not increase the rent. The household survey is based on the household unit, and the increase in the number of people does not increase.

Rent and reconciliation are obligations that the people have to fulfill to the imperial court. Each adult pure jujube person pays four liters of grain to the court every year to call it rent, and at the same time, each household pays two horses of silk and two catties of cotton to the court every year.

The role of both:

In the early Tang Dynasty, under the condition of cooperating with the Juntian system, it was indeed a system that benefited the people and the country, but with the development of history, the loopholes of the system itself emerged, coupled with other objective factors, the rent and Yong adjustment became outdated, and the Tang Dynasty had to replace it with the two-tax system.

The rent regulation implemented in the early Sui and Tang dynasties had obvious effects, mainly in the following ways: the peasants' production time was relatively high, the burden of servitude was relatively light, and many wastelands were reclaimed; ** The tax revenue has been secured, and the government military system has also been consolidated. All these have made the country rich and strong. <>