Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of in line, V type, W type, and horizontal confrontation en

In-line - the cylinders are arranged in a straight line: V-type - the cylinders are arranged in two rows at a certain angle: Horizontal (also called horizontal) - the cylinders are arranged in two rows on opposite sides of the engine:

For example, you can see an in-line 6-cylinder engine, a horizontal 6-cylinder engine, and a V-6-cylinder engine. If these six-cylinder engines were built to the same specifications (same displacement, valves, intake and exhaust systems, etc.), their performance would be almost identical. Displacement is discharge.

However, these engines will also have many differences in use. Here are a few common ones: In-line engines are long and narrow.

Especially in small cars, a long, narrow engine mounted laterally accommodates a very short bonnet. In air-cooled engines, in-line configurations are sometimes more difficult to cool. The horizontal engine is wide and flat.

This gives it a lower center of gravity. The V-engine was formally somewhere in between. It leans more towards the cube in shape.

The in-line shape requires only half the camshaft of the V-type (if using an overhead camshaft), which can reduce its weight slightly. The amount of metal required for the cylinder block is different, that is, the weight of the cylinder is different. Manufacturing costs will also vary.

Designers determine the engine configuration to be used based on different variables. Variables include cost, available space under the hood, location requirements, existing manufacturing facilities, power-to-weight ratio, and more.

The horizontal center is low, Porsche 911 is the use of this engine, V or W type is just the cylinder arrangement of the engine, the disadvantage is that the engine with more cylinders is more powerful, and of course the fuel consumption is more.

1. W-type engine.

These engines are two V-engines. The design idea of the W-type engine is to use two V-shaped engines to form a V-shaped engine.

The disadvantage is that the structure is too complex and the balance of operation is not good.

Due to the patent, this engine can only be found in a small number of cars such as Volkswagen and Audi, and the European Volkswagen Golf, European Volkswagen Passat and Audi A8 are equipped with W6, W8 and W12 engines respectively.

2. V-shaped. Advantages: stable operation (for V6, V8, V12), space saving.

Disadvantages: The structure is more complex, which is not conducive to maintenance and repair, and the cost is high. At the same time, V3, V5 and V10 are not very stable due to their structure or displacement, especially the V10 3L engine as an F1 engine, which needs to invest a lot of energy and money to ensure its stability.

Representative models: Audi A6, Ferrari 360, Porsche Carrear GT, Mercedes-Benz S600. V6, V8, V10, V12 engines are used.

While the V3 is mainly seen on some motorcycles, the V5 is said to have been used on the previous generation of Volkswagen Golf. And the V16 can be found on some luxury classic cars.

3. Horizontal opposition.

Advantages: low center of gravity (nonsense, it's all 180 degrees, can there be anything lower than it) easy to handle, and the balance is very good.

Disadvantages: still high cost, the engine is too wide.

The most famous use of the boxer engine is in Porsche's famous 911.

Fourth, inline. Advantages: stability, low cost, simple structure, good operation balance, small size.

Disadvantages: when the displacement and the number of cylinders increase, the length of the engine will increase significantly.

4-cylinder inline engines are generally widely used in engines with a liter displacement or less.

The most famous example of a 6-cylinder in-line engine is BMW's M3, BMW's main purpose for choosing a 6-cylinder in-line engine is to facilitate counterweight and stability. An in-line engine, although relatively simple, is definitely not synonymous with bad.

Depressed, where did the upstairs copy it. Lazy to look at so much my personal opinion. It is also my Italian car repair friend and I said that below the 6 cylinders are straight cylinders, and now the 6 cylinders are all V,.

Ask you a question. The sports car has 10 and 12 cylinders, and if you put the cylinder straight, how long the front of the car you said. So they went for the V-shape.

It's more space-saving, and there's that w I really don't know, because I haven't seen it. Foreign w all said that watt is "tile", such as the electricity consumption of light bulbs, what is there to find me.

1. In-line engine:

In-line engine, all its cylinders are shoulder-by-shoulder in a plane, its cylinder block and crankshaft structure is simple, and the use of a cylinder head, the manufacturing cost is low, the stability is high, the low-speed torque characteristics are good, the fuel consumption is less, the size is compact, and the application is more extensive. The disadvantage is the lower power.

2. V-type engine:

The V-type engine is an engine that divides all cylinders into two groups, and arranges adjacent cylinders together at a certain angle, so that the two groups of cylinders form a plane with an angle, and the cylinders are V-shaped when viewed from the side.

The V-engine's small height and length make it easier to arrange on a car. The disadvantage of the V-engine is that it is necessary to use two cylinder heads, and the structure is more complicated. In addition, after its width is increased, the space on both sides of the engine is smaller, and it is not easy to arrange other devices.

3. Horizontally opposed engine:

Horizontally opposed engines, the engine pistons are evenly distributed on both sides of the crankshaft and move left and right in the horizontal direction. The overall height of the engine is reduced, the length is shortened, the center of gravity of the vehicle is reduced, the vehicle runs more smoothly, the engine is installed on the center line of the whole vehicle, and the torque generated by the pistons on both sides cancels each other out, which greatly reduces the vibration of the vehicle in driving, and greatly improves the engine speed and reduces noise.

In-line type, 4 or more cylinders are lined up on the crankshaft. The advantage is that the structure is simple, and the 4-cylinder engine is suitable for small cars. The piston turns twice and ignition once to complete a process.

V-type, that is, the cylinder is divided into two groups, left and right, which are installed on the same crankshaft alternately, but the two are formed at a certain angle (mostly 90 degrees or 70 degrees). The advantage is that it is compact in size and has little vibration. The piston turns twice and ignition twice to complete a process.

The general V-type is to add an extra row of pistons on the basis of the in-line type, so the thrust generated is large, but it requires two ignitions, and the fuel consumption also increases, so the power is not increased.

Both of these are relatively low-level engines, and the better model now is the W type, which is extremely complex, but more compact and efficient. It is mostly seen in the classification configuration of luxury cars. There is also the horizontal position, and the cylinders are also divided into two groups, but are mounted on the same crankshaft opposite each other at an angle of 180 degrees.

The advantage is that the height of the engine compartment can be reduced, and the vibration of the machine is very effectively avoided.

V-shaped good.

The cylinder arrangement of the V-engine maximizes the output of traction, and in addition, the vibration is small, and the engine works more smoothly.

At present, the main engines are: in-line engine, V-engine, W-engine, and horizontally opposed engine. Another special one is the rotary engine, which is a Mazda patent.

V-type engine: The cylinder of the V-shaped engine is split in pairs and left and right, forming a certain angle, which looks like a "V" from the side, so it is called a V-shaped engine. Compared with the in-line engine, the V-type engine shortens the length and height of the body, increases the rigidity of the cylinder block, reduces the weight of the engine, but increases the width of the engine, and the shape is more complex, and the processing is difficult, and it is generally used for engines of 6 cylinders and above.

At present, there are four main types of V-type engines: V6, V8, V10, and V12.

In-line engine: Its cylinders are arranged in a row, that is, in a row, hence the name. Nowadays, in-line engines mainly include L3, L4, L5, and L6.

The cylinder block of the in-line engine is lined up, the cylinder block, cylinder head and crankshaft are simple in structure, low manufacturing cost, good low-speed torque characteristics, low fuel consumption, compact size, and widely used, but the disadvantage is low power.

W-type engine: Strictly speaking, the W-type engine is still a type of V-type engine, but the cylinders on both sides of the V-type engine are divided into two groups, which look like "W" from the side, hence the name. It can also be said that the W12 engine is made of two V6 engines, and its biggest advantage is that it is compact and easy to arrange, which is conducive to the optimization of the space of the engine compartment, and the disadvantage is that the structure is too complex.

The W engine is a patented technology of Volkswagen, and only Volkswagen, that is, Volkswagen's brand, uses the W engine, which currently mainly includes W12 and W16.

Horizontally opposed engine: In fact, it is also a type of V-shaped engine, but its cylinder angle is 180 degrees. The horizontally opposed engine is a combination of automobile engines that is most in line with the principle of motion machinery, and its manufacturing cost and process difficulty are quite high, and only Porsche and Subaru are currently used in the world.

The biggest advantage of a boxer-opposed engine is its low center of gravity. Since the cylinders are "flat", not only does it lower the center of gravity of the car, but it also allows the front end to be designed flat and low, all of which enhance the car's driving stability. At the same time, the horizontally opposed cylinder layout is a symmetrical and stable structure, which makes the engine run smoothly better than the V-engine, and the power loss during operation is also minimal.

In addition, the vibrations generated by the piston crankshaft when moving left and right cancel each other out, resulting in low noise and low fuel consumption. At present, there are mainly horizontal opposition 4 cylinders and 6 cylinders.

If an in-line engine is a V-shaped engine with an angle of 0 degrees, then when the angle between the two rows of cylinders is expanded to 180 degrees, it is a horizontally opposed engine. All the cylinders are arranged horizontally, like a boxer fighting, and the piston is the boxer's fist (of course, there can be more than two), and you come and go, without showing weakness. The English name of boxer engine means "boxer engine", which can be abbreviated as B-type engine, such as B6 and B4, which represent horizontally opposed 6-cylinder and 4-cylinder engines respectively.

Since the two adjacent cylinders are horizontally opposed, vibrations can be easily canceled out for each other, allowing the engine to rotate more smoothly.

The boxer engine has a low center of gravity. Because the cylinders are "flat" rather than "diagonal" or "upright" like V-shaped or in-line engines, the car's center of gravity is lowered while allowing the front end to be designed flat and low. Both of these factors enhance the car's driving stability.

Because the boxer engine is inherently symmetrical, it allows the transmission, etc., to be placed in the center of the body, so that the weight of the car is symmetrical to the left and right, without the center of gravity being tilted to one side like most cars.

The direction of the power take-off shaft of the horizontally opposed engine is consistent with the direction of the transmission shaft, so there is no need to change the direction of power transmission or use gear transmission, but can directly dock with the clutch and transmission, and the power transmission efficiency is higher, so that the starting and acceleration of the car are more rapid.

The disadvantage of the horizontally opposed engine is that it is inconvenient to maintain, and the ignition interval of each cylinder is unique, which makes its exhaust sound more weird, and ordinary cars are rarely equipped with horizontally opposed engines. At present, only two car factories in the world, Porsche in Germany and Fujifilm in Japan, still produce this engine.