Sino French trade exchanges, do you have an article on the current situation of Sino French trade?

Hello classmates, after graduation, you need to face the need to write**, for the current situation of China and France**I don't know if you have decided to choose the topic, and then you need to check the relevant ** of the predecessors according to the topic**, to see how people plan**The overall framework;

The second is that you need to collect data by yourself, and then sort out and analyze the data to get your own framework;

In the end, it's about organizing according to the framework.

If you need any reference materials and sample essays, I can provide them to you.

Generally speaking, the longer graduation ** is not subtitled. The sub-headings are usually set up because of the many levels of content and the large and complex theoretical system, so there is usually a table of contents.

The purpose of setting up a directory is mainly to:

1. Enable readers to have a general understanding of the content and structure of the full text before reading the **, so that readers can decide whether to read or not, whether to read intensively or skimm, etc.

2. Provide convenience for readers to choose a sub-argument in **. In addition to the central thesis, there are many sub-arguments. When the reader needs to learn more about a sub-thesis, they can rely on the table of contents to save time.

1 Accurate. The table of contents must be consistent with the full outline. In other words, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the title, subheadings and table of contents of this article.

2 Be clear. The table of contents should be marked with the page number of the table of contents in the body of the text for that row. Page numbers must be legible.

There are two basic types of directories:

1 Table of contents in text.

2 Catalogue in numbers. This type of directory is less common. But there are also those that use this method to make it easy for readers to read.

On 27 January 1964, France recognized the People's Republic of China. At the same time, China and France issued a joint communiqué, which reads: "The People's Republic of China and the French Republic** have unanimously decided to establish diplomatic relations.

The two countries** agreed to appoint ambassadors within three months. In just two sentences, it has caused a chain reaction in the international community like "diplomatic nuclear **". Advertisement

Since then, Western countries have followed the example of France, changed their stance of isolating China, and established diplomatic relations with China.

On September 17, 1973, Georges Pompidou** visited China. He is the first French head of state to visit China and the first from a Western country to visit China. At the end of the visit, the "Sino-French Communiqué" was issued, expressing the common desire of the two countries to further develop bilateral relations.

The two sides agreed to study the practical possibilities of developing economic relations and the issue of strengthening exchanges in technology, industry, and so on. The two sides decided to conclude a maritime agreement and strengthen cooperation in air transport. The two sides also negotiated the Liaoyang chemical project, with a total contract value of 1.2 billion francs.

This is the largest contract between China and France in many years.

The earliest time it appeared in the history books was in 1840, when Humen sold cigarettes, Lin Zexu's confiscated opium included some of the stocks of French opium merchants; In addition, since the middle of the 19th century, France gradually invaded and controlled the three Indochinese countries (Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia) on the Indochina Peninsula, and a large number of French people accompanied tributary missions and civilian caravans into the territory of the Qing Empire (mainly Yunnan, Guizhou, Guizhou, Sichuan and other southwestern provinces) to investigate intelligence and conduct **.

In 1899, China and France signed the Canton Lease Treaty, and France gained a direct foothold in China. Larger-scale ** from this.

Are you talking about the major in the WTO School of Wuhan University, if so, there is this.

And don't pay tuition fees abroad.

First, the current situation of China's first conditions.

1) Analysis of the historical trend and current situation of the change of China's first conditions.

Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign development has been huge, and it has become one of the "engines" driving rapid economic growth. On the surface, China's foreign trade situation is gratifying, especially in the case of the transformation and upgrading of the structure of export commodities and the absolute proportion of manufactured products, which has created a false impression for people that China's best conditions have been greatly improved. However, this is not the case. On the contrary, China's ** conditions have shown a trend of first rising and then falling, and the overall trend is deteriorating.

2) The main reason for the deterioration of the conditions in our country.

1. China's foreign trade exports have increased without increasing prices or even falling prices.

2. The implementation of the "transfer" strategy of foreign-invested enterprises, especially multinational companies, has directly led to the deterioration of China's first-class conditions.

3. The phenomenon of "false protection" of tariffs is serious, and the tariff level is "not worthy of the name", which hinders the improvement of the best conditions.

4. The construction of various industry associations, import and export chambers of commerce, and intermediary consulting institutions is not perfect and has not played its due role.

2. Strategies and suggestions for improving China's best conditions.

1) Deeply understand the current situation of China's best conditions.

2) Strive to find the combination of competitive advantage and comparative advantage, strengthen the guiding function of industrial policy, and realize the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.

First, we should continue to give play to China's comparative advantage of low labor costs and further develop labor-intensive industries.

Second, on the basis of technology introduction, we should strengthen independent innovation, promote the development of high-tech industries, and promote them to become the engine of a new round of economic growth.

Third, it is necessary to speed up the development of private science and technology enterprises, give full play to their advantages of strong competitiveness, rapid technological updating, and high operational efficiency, so that they can get involved in the economic fields and departments from which the state-owned economy has withdrawn as soon as possible, and grow into a new force capable of coping with fierce international competition as soon as possible.

Fourth, expand and improve the industrial chain, strengthen the strength of basic industries, and vigorously develop the parts processing industry, so as to reduce the dependence on the import of parts and components in the processing, so as to reduce the negative impact of a large number of intermediate product imports on the growth of export efficiency, while improving the efficiency of foreign countries, improve China's industrial competitiveness as a whole, and create opportunities for the export of high-tech products with high added value.

The significant difference between the Kaizhong method and the previous salt system is that merchants need to exchange grain and grass for salt, rather than buying salt in currency.

The implementation of the Kaizhong Law only changed the superficial way of officials and businessmen, and changed the purchase of salt with currency to the exchange of grain and grass for salt, and will not bring about greater changes.

First of all, the process of the circulation of salt administration funds has been greatly changed. Before the opening of the Sino-French salt administration, the first stove households were organized to produce, and then the salt produced by the stove households was nationalized, and then sold to salt merchants, who sold it to the salt area. At this time, the flow process of salt administration funds is as follows:

First, the salt merchants raised funds, then purchased official salt from **, and then sold the official salt to the salt area, recovering the investment and cracking it. In terms of **, the salt administration agency obtains funds through ** official salt, and then hands over most of the funds to the imperial court, which allocates the specific use of departmental expenses, and the small part is used to pay for the needs of the stove household and office. To illustrate it in a short table, the process of salt administration funding is as follows:

After the implementation of the Law on the Use of Funds by the Salt Merchants, Salt Administration Agencies, Imperial Court, and the Department of the Use of Funds, although the operating procedures of the Salt Administration are generally the same, the flow of funds has been very different. The salt purchase funds raised by salt merchants are no longer used to purchase official salt, but are used to purchase grain and grass, which are transported to the border gates for payment. At this time, the flow of funds was greatly simplified, and the salt merchants directly delivered to the capital use department ——— border customs.

At this time, if we use another summary table to express it, the process is as follows: comparing the two short tables with the salt merchant fund use department, it can be clearly seen that the salt administration agency and the imperial court are excluded from the circulation process and no longer directly handle the disposal of funds.

Second, the process of government-business transactions will be prolonged. Before the opening of the Sino-French salt administration, salt merchants directly purchased official salt from the salt administration agency in currency, and the transaction ended when the silver and goods were paid; After that, the salt merchants carried the official salt to the transfer**, and the Zhicong Salt Administration handed over the cash to the imperial court. After the implementation of the China Opening Law, the government-business transactions that were originally completed at one time were divided into two parts

The first attack is that the salt merchant will pay the grain and grass to the border pass, which is equivalent to paying the salt purchase money in advance to **; Then return to the salt factory, withdraw the official salt due from the salt administration agency, and then carry the official salt for transport**.

The Sino-French New Treaty, also known as the Sino-French Treaty of Vietnam or the Vietnam Treaty, also known as the Sino-French Peace Treaty and the Treaty of Liba, was an unequal treaty signed between the Qing Dynasty and France on June 9, 1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu) to end the Sino-French War.

The Sino-French New Treaty is the Sino-French Treaty of Vietnam or the Vietnam Clauses, also known as the Sino-French Peace Treaty and the Treaty of Liba, with a total of 10 paragraphs, the main contents are: 1The Qing ** recognized France's right to protect Vietnam, and within six months of the signing of the treaty, China and France sent personnel to the Sino-Vietnamese border to "jointly survey the boundary"2

The French army withdrew from Taiwan and Penghu. 3.The land border between China and Vietnam was opened**, and two treaty ports were opened within the Chinese border, one above Bao Lak and the other north of Lang Son, where French merchants were allowed to live and have consuls.

4.Reduction of import and export tax rates on China's Yunnan and Guangxi borders with Vietnam. 5.

In the future, if China builds railways, it will "do business with those who do it in France".

The signing of the Sino-French Peace Treaty enabled France to open China's "back door". Subsequently, China and France successively signed the "Regulations on Border Commerce with Vietnam," the "Treaty on the Continuation of Boundary Affairs," and the "Treaty on Renewal of Commerce," which concretely established France's aggressive rights and interests and gradually turned southwest China into France's sphere of influence.

The exchange between the school and the old mill is the exchange between the university and its universities at home and abroad. It includes academic exchanges with foreign universities (foreign universities), joint education, joint project research, and mutual exchange of students to each other's courses.