A concrete example of the integration of nationalities in social life during the Northern and Southe

I think that the specific case of ethnic integration in social life during the Northern and Southern Dynasties is related to this issue.

The most obvious is the gradual disappearance of ethnic minorities such as Xianbei, who have merged with the Han Chinese to become a family. The reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty during the Northern Wei Dynasty is very representative, and it can also be called the "Sinicization" movement. He respected Confucius as the father of Wen Shengni, and changed some of Xianbei's local surnames to Han surnames, such as "Tuoba" to "Yuan", "Qiu Muling" to "Mu", etc., and he himself changed from Tuoba Hong to Yuan Hong.

He also reformed the old bureaucratic system, borrowed from the Wei and Jin systems, banned the use of Hu people's clothing and language, and spoke Chinese throughout the people.

During the period of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Hu and Han ethnic groups came into contact with the ordinary. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the capital was moved south from Pingcheng (Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang in order to facilitate the Sinicization movement, and the main measures were as follows:

1.It is forbidden to speak Hu and change to Chinese.

2.It is forbidden to wear Hufu, and Hanfu is changed.

3.Encourage intermarriage between Hu and Han Chinese.

4.The Hu surname is a Han surname:

Tuoba-Yuan. Ba Ba - the eldest grandson.

Horay-Ho. Dugu Liu.

Step 6 solitary - land.

Muling-Mu.

They switched to Chinese. Wear Hanfu, change Han surnames, marry with Han people, adopt Han control, laws, and learn Han etiquette That's all

Hu Ren: Reform, change the surname, change the language, change the etiquette, change the wife.

Han people: Be a Hu official, eat Hu meat, wear Hu clothes, and marry Hu women.

Hu cake, Hu bed is Maza, Hu song, Hu dance, Hu music.

1. The Xianbei and other ethnic minorities gradually disappeared, and they merged with the Han people to become a family.

2. The reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, allowing the Xianbei people to speak Chinese, wear Hanfu, change the Han surname, and establish the Han Law (there are more than three here).

3. In spiritual life, the influence of ethnic minorities on ** and folk songs is particularly obvious. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, most of the Yan music and Western Liang music originated from the Hu and Han mixed music of the Northern Dynasties. (If "The Song of Mulan Song" is a Chinese translation of Hu Ge and a portrayal of nomadic life, the Mulan in "Mulan Ci" is the image of a Central Plains woman who can only be produced by ethnic integration.)

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, all aspects of clothing, food, housing and transportation reflected the characteristics of Hu and Han mixed and blended with each other.

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was an important period of China's national integration. This great national integration is one of the important contents of this history.

First, the emergence of national integration.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, a large number of people from the Central Plains moved south, with a wide geographical scope, especially in today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions, which accepted the most immigrants from the south, and Sichuan, Hubei and other places also had many Central Plains people settle in the south, which objectively promoted the integration of ethnic groups.

1.The great integration of ethnic groups in the Yellow River Basin.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Ethnic minorities such as Xianbei, Xiongnu, Xia, Di, and Qiang continued to move inward, adding fresh blood to the Han nationality in the Central Plains. After more than 400 years, the original ethnic layout has been completely broken in the migration of population, and there is no longer any geographical isolation between them. Some nomadic peoples also lived a sedentary farming life, forming a common economic life.

The great ethnic integration of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties laid the foundation for the unification of the Sui and Tang dynasties and the high development of economy and culture, and occupied an important position in the history of the Chinese nation.

2 Ethnic integration in the South and Southwest.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Shu paid attention to improving relations with ethnic minorities in the southwest, and adopted a policy of "appeasement" for the ethnic minorities in the southwest, which accelerated the feudalization of the ethnic minorities in the southwest. During the Three Kingdoms period, there were still some Yue people scattered in the territory of Wu State, who lived an agricultural life in the southern mountainous areas, and they jointly developed the south with the Han people. In addition, the southward migration of a large number of people from the Central Plains has objectively promoted the process of ethnic integration.

Due to the long-term ethnic integration, there are few differences between them and the Han in terms of production and lifestyle.

Main features: the strengthening of ethnic integration, the close ties between various ethnic groups during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and gradually integrated into one. All ethnic groups learn from each other and learn from each other's strong points to complement each other's weaknesses, thus promoting economic recovery and development.

The emergence of ethnic integration in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is not accidental, it is the result of the formation and development, mutual exchanges and mutual influence of various ethnic groups in China in the hundreds of years after the Qin unified China.

The peace war between the Han and the Huns during the Han Dynasty enhanced the exchanges and understanding between the two sides, and provided conditions for the Xiongnu to move to the interior, establish minority regimes, and finally integrate with the Han during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains was divided and fought for a long time. The ethnic minorities in the border areas have achieved considerable development. In particular, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qian, Di, and Qiang in the north took advantage of the "Eight Kings Rebellion" in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty to move to the interior one after another.

All the political power in the North was also established by ethnic minorities in the northwest and north who had moved to the interior. During this period, ethnic minorities in other regions, such as the Yue in the south and the Yi in the southwest, also had more or less contact with the feudal dynasties in the interior.

After living together for a long time and experiencing the hardships of secession and war, the people of all ethnic groups have enhanced their understanding. Ethnic boundaries are getting smaller and smaller, and there is a trend of great ethnic integration in society.