What are the conditions necessary for the transition from perceptual to rational understanding?

1. There must be a correct way of thinking. From the perceptual understanding.

The leap to rational understanding can only be achieved with the help of thinking.

2. Perceptual materials should be abundant and comprehensive, rather than scattered and incomplete. This requires a combination of investigation and research in practice.

Representations can be divided into memory representations (also known as reproducible representations) and imaginary representations (also known as foresight representations) according to their properties. According to the degree of generalization, it can be divided into individual appearances and general appearances. Representation is not a simple repetition of a perceptual image.

It does not reproduce all the connections and characteristics of objective things, but only those characteristics that are most representative and most important to man's practical activities. The appearance of a person is the understanding and generalization of the function and meaning of things. It is these aspects in the cerebral cortex of the person.

to form a solid connection. Appearance is the unity of concrete figurative and abstract generalization.

1. Perceptual materials must be very rich rather than fragmentary, must be in line with reality rather than illusion, and people cannot create correct concepts and theories based on fragmentary and incomplete and unrealistic perceptual materials.

2. There must be a correct way of thinking, and the leap from perceptual understanding to rational understanding must be achieved with the help of thinking, that is to say, the leap from perceptual to rational understanding can be realized through the processing of thinking.

The process of rising from perceptual cognition to rational cognition is the "first leap in the process of cognition", and the following two conditions must be met: possession of very rich and practical perceptual materials, and the use of scientific thinking methods to process and produce perceptual materials.

The process of the development of cognition is first from the emergence of perceptual cognition in practice, and then actively develops into rational cognition. Perceptual cognition is a lower stage of cognition, and perceptual cognition is direct and concrete. Rational cognition is an indirect, generalized reflection of the internal connections of things through human thinking.

It includes forms such as concepts, judgments, reasoning, and hypotheses and theories.

Perceptual. It can only allow people to gain perceptual concreteness about themselves and the world.

Perceptual concrete cognition is an intuitive overall appearance, which is the reflection of the various phenomena and external connections of things in the mind. It is the initial stage of understanding, which is uncertain, unstable, superficial, and non-essential envy. Specific limitations of sensibility:

Although perceptual concreteness is the understanding of the whole of things, it only stays on the external image of things, and has not yet revealed the internal connection and essence of things, and has not grasped the unity of essence and phenomenon of things as a whole, so its understanding of things is not complete.

Rational cognition, which includes two stages of abstract thinking and concrete thinking, is the advanced stage of cognition. Rational cognition forms an understanding of the nature and laws of things as a whole with rich connotations and diverse extensions.

The first leap from perceptual concrete to rational understanding is abstract thinking. Thinking abstraction refers to the thinking activity of extracting the essential provisions of a certain aspect from the whole of diverse and unified things, or extracting the commonality from its individuality. The understanding at this stage also has limitations, and what people form through abstract thinking is a scattered and one-sided understanding of things, and they cannot grasp the nature and laws of things as a whole.

Cognition cannot remain at the stage of abstraction. In order to reproduce concrete things that are alive and rich in content in thought, understanding must develop to thinking concretely.

The second step is to make a leap from abstract thinking to concrete thinking. Thinking concretely refers to the understanding that reflects the specific whole of things in the layers of rational cognition, and it is to synthesize the essential provisions of various aspects of things in their thinking according to their internal connections to form an understanding of the nature and laws of things as a whole.

It is essential to have a grasp of rich and authentic material. The essence and laws of things are hidden behind the perceptual material, and if the perceptual material is incomplete or lacks authenticity, it is not possible to gain an understanding of the essence and laws of things through it. It is necessary to give full play to the initiative of the subject, and use the cognitive structure of the subject and scientific thinking methods to remove the rough and boring mountain essence, remove the false and retain the truth, and select and process this and the other, from the surface and the inside, in order to achieve an understanding of the essence of objective things.

A process of cognition consists of two leaps, from practice to cognition (perceptual cognition, rational cognition), which rises from cognition to rational cognition, and from cognition to practice (i.e., rational cognition returns to practice). Therefore, the rise from perceptual cognition to rational cognition is the first leap in the process of cognition; Then, from rational understanding to practice, that is, to use rational understanding to guide practice, and accept the test of practice.

The conditions that must be met for the transition from perceptual to rational cognition are () aAccess to rich and practical sensual materials.

b.The scientific method of dialectical thinking must be applied.

c.Pay attention to the high lead theory and practice.

d.Note that the tent is intended to test rational cognition.

Correct answer to the case of the Huaizhi ruler: ab

From the perceptual Luyuan understanding to the rational understanding, it is necessary to achieve the stove uproar

a.Immerse yourself in practice, investigate in-depth and concealment, and obtain very rich and practical perceptual materials.

b.Get into a good university.

c.90 points or more in each course.

d.It is necessary to use theoretical thinking and scientific abstraction to form a conceptual and theoretical system by removing the coarse and refined, removing the false and retaining the true, and transforming and producing the rich perceptual materials from the outside and the inside.

Correct answer: ad