What is it like to have a dialect in your native language?

Bai reading is a relatively old level in Chinese (but it does not mean that it is an ancient sound), literary reading is the sound produced by ancient readers imitating the official dialect of the time, and the reading of some dialects has multiple historical levels. (For example, the Song reading layer and the Ming official layer in Chaoshan dialect) white reading is the pronunciation, and the literary reading is the reading sound. Most of the words in the white reading are local words, and most of the words in the text are borrowed words in the official language.

Most of the newly borrowed words are mainly read in Chinese, but there are also cases where the text is confused, probably because the word is not well known in Chinese reading. For example, in my text, the reading of "line" (42) is hardly used except for reading poetry, and the words "wire", "line", and "line" are all read in vain y 42. Because they are illiterate in Hokkien, they are not as capable of the "sound-character-meaning" trinity as Mandarin speakers, and for them, it is only a "sound-meaning" association.

Therefore, their intuitive feeling for different pronunciations is that there are often two different pronunciations in everyday language, but they refer to the same meaning, and these two pronunciations are conventionally used under their respective words. Most people don't know that this is actually a different way to pronounce the same word, and even many people think that one of the pronunciations is a sound without a word. In fact, the language of the detached text cannot be required by the system of words, and at this time it is only the correspondence of "pronunciation - meaning", as long as you are familiar with the pronunciation of each meaning.

It is not necessary or has the opportunity to discover and consider why there are 2 pronunciations of the same word.

In the Wu language, it is very common to read different texts. Friends who have studied Japanese may know that corresponding to the same Chinese character, in Japanese, there are generally two types of pronunciation: "pronunciation" and "pronunciation", "pronunciation" is to read Chinese characters with pronunciation close to the ancient Chinese pronunciation, and "pronunciation" is to read Chinese characters with the inherent reading (Japanese) of Japanese itself; In general, academic or formal vocabulary is used as "pronunciation", and vernacular is used as "pronunciation". Here, we might as well use the Japanese "pronunciation" and "training" to compare the "wen reading" and "bai reading" in Wu language, the difference is that for the same Chinese character, the pronunciation of "wen reading" and "white reading" in Wu language are both from ancient Chinese, but the time level is different, and "white pronunciation" usually comes from an older pronunciation than "wen pronunciation".

The pronunciation in Wu is a pronunciation produced by the Wu Yue people imitating the official dialect of the time.

Generally speaking, cultural words can be read in Chinese, and colloquial vocabulary is mostly read in white. But there are many exceptions, which will be discussed at the end. Also pay attention to:

There are some white pronunciations that only exist in one or two fixed words, that is, the "lag ancient sounds" that will be specifically noted below, usually retaining the Tang Dynasty cut rhyme system, or even earlier level pronunciation. kuo is only available in Changzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo"Flowers"(huo) is a final). This level is the true and white pronunciation of Wu language, which is in line with the characteristics of Wu language.

But it was later covered by a ka-sound, and then again by a tia one-tone, forming a multi-layered textual reading. The latter is the text reading of the former, and the former is the white reading of the latter and at the same time serves as the text pronunciation of the former.

The different meanings of the text and white are probably the second most headache for beginners in Hokkien after the sound. The same word, with the pronunciation of Wen and the pronunciation of Bai, the corresponding meanings are different. Such as:

大 文語音音 (tai lin jin), which means honorific title for a person in a high position, such as the county magistrate, father, synonymous with Mandarin (da4 ren5) 白語音 (tua lang), meaning adult, opposite to a child, synonymous with Mandarin (da4 ren2) 先生文音音 (sian sing), which means honorific title or teacher, synonymous with Mandarin (xian1 sheng5) 白語音 (sing senn), meaning "earlier than born, Mr. come out", the example given in the synonymous Mandarin (xian1 sheng1) comment is also: 大文語 (tai ka), which means "Fang family", a person who has made achievements in a certain aspect, such as academic masters. 白pronounced (tua ta ke), meaning "mother-in-law", refers to the husband's mother.

When everyone sees it, they don't forget their daughter-in-law. , in which "everyone" is the meaning of mother-in-law, which also reflects that the degree of ancient Hokkien language is not low].

Huizhou Tunxi dialect, that is, the urban area of Huangshan today, such as the word "person", the text reads in nin, and the white reads ian ien

Another example is big, Wen ta, white tho

Different pronunciation of Wenbai is a unique phenomenon in Chinese dialects, and some Chinese characters have two pronunciations in dialects. One is the pronunciation used in reading and literacy, which is called reading, also known as reading sound, literary sound, and character sound; The other is the pronunciation used when speaking in ordinary times, which is called white reading, also known as speaking sound, vernacular sound or speech. In China, Wu and Min are the most frequent and complex in different readings.

Introduction] In some dialects, the same character has different readings in different words and different uses, such as Hakka, whether in spoken or written language, the word "sheng" is pronounced as [sen1] when it means "birth" or "alive", but it is pronounced as [sang1] in fixed words, this phenomenon is also known as Wenbai different reading, the former is white reading, and the latter is literary reading. Heterophonic and polyphonic characters are two different concepts. Different reading refers to the fact that a Chinese character is influenced by different periods and different dialects, in which the pronunciation of reading and speaking is different; Polyphonic characters are the same word with different pronunciations due to different meanings or different **, etc., and it has nothing to do with dialects.